Exam 2: Urinary System

Question 1

Walk me through how NSAIDs lead to ischemia

Answer 1

NSAID administration: decreased COX, decreased prostaglandins, decreased vasodilation, decreased blood flow, ischemia

Question 2

In acute tubular necrosis, what is a promising sign?

Answer 2

shifting from oliguric to polyuric renal failure.

Question 3

What is the difference between acute and chronic pyelonephritis?

Answer 3

acute you will see neutrophils and liquefactive necrosis. chronic you will see macrophages and fibrosis.

Question 4

What are some signs of renal failure?

Answer 4

uremia or uremic syndrome, 75-80% renal function lost and <5% GFR

non-renal lesions
dehydrations, acidosis, azotemia
anemia
renal secondary hyperthyroidism
soft tissue mineralization

Question 5

Host defense mechanisms of lower urinary tract

Answer 5

mucosal immunity, ph, osmolality, urine flow, epithelial barrier.

Question 6

causes of urinary bladder neoplasia?

Answer 6

Anilide dye metebolites
Aromatic hydrocarbons
Tryptophan metabolites
Bracken fern (quercetin)