Exam 1 Overflow

Question 1

Causes of pulmonary hypertension

Answer 1

High altitude
Left to right shunts of blood flow
Left heart failure
Idiopathic

Question 2

Where do deposits take place in arthersclerosis in the canine?

Answer 2

the tunica media

Question 3

What is the agent of malignant cattarhal fever?

Answer 3

Ovine herpesvirus 2 is the agent of MCF

OHV-2 is consistently found in peripheral blood leukocytes and lymphoid tissues in cases of MCF in bison and cattle.

Question 4

causes of thrombosis

Answer 4

Abnormal intimal surface
Changes in flow pattern – stasis or turbulence
Hypercoagulability, shock

Question 5

What could you see on a slide with a coronary vessel thrombus?

Answer 5

necrosis, fibrin, inflammatory cells (macrophages), dystrophic mineralization (the purple)

Question 6

Tumor cells, air bubbles, pieces
Of thrombi, bacteria can all be types of…

Answer 6

emboli

Question 7

What type of senesitivity was discussed to be associated with vasculitis?

Answer 7

Type III

Question 8

What sequelae can Mycobacterium avium paratubercuolsis (Johne’s Disease) in cattle cause?

Answer 8

Arteriosclerosis

Question 9

acute heart failure (two types) and chronic heart failure

Answer 9

Acute heart failure:
Cardiac syncope:
Loss of consciousness due to sudden fall of blood pressure, e.g. bradycardia, MI
Peripheral circulatory failure—decreased circulating blood volume
Heart may be fine but lack of functioning blood may be the problem: shock.

Chronic heart failure: congestive heart failure

Question 10

when does cardiac hypertrophy occur? what types occur with each scenario?

Answer 10

Occurs in volume and pressure overload

Pressure overload:
Concentric hypertrophy
Causes:
systemic and pulmonary hypertension
semilunar valve stenosis

Volume overload (increased diastolic load):
Eccentric hypertrophy
Causes:
valve insufficiencies
many cardiac defects with shunting

Question 11

Systemic venous congestion and Heartworms, cardiomyopathies, some defects are a cause and effect of…

Answer 11

right heart failure

Question 12

Aortic and mitral valve disease/ endocarditis and Lung congestion and edema is a cause and effect of…

Answer 12

left heart failure

Question 13

true or false

left hearted failure can eventually become right hearted failure

Answer 13

true

Question 14

is Congestive Heart Failure recompensation or decompensation?

Answer 14

decompensation

Question 15

endiocardosis can cause…

Answer 15

Valve insufficiency 🡪 eccentric hypertrophy

Question 16

when do you call “it” congestive heart failure?

Answer 16

When there is no perfusion to other organs

Question 17

What are some common causes for cardiomyopathy on cats?

Answer 17

taurine deficiency in cats
and vitamin e/ selenium deficiency

Question 18

you see Chronic fibrinopurulent pericarditis and epicarditis in a cattle, what is the likely pathogenesis?

Answer 18

Traumatic reticulopericarditis – “hardware disease”

Question 19

trure or false

RAAS increases peripheral vascular resistence

Answer 19

true

Question 20

is ASD a problem of volume or pressure overload?

Answer 20

volume overload

Question 20

what is one of the most common septal defects?

Answer 20

VSD, a volume AND pressure overload

Question 21

will pulmonic stenosis cause right or left concencentric or eccentric hypertrophy?

Answer 21

RV concentric hypertrophy

Question 22

LV concentric hypertrophy can be cause by…

Answer 22

sub or aortic stenosis

Question 23

Fibrocartilagenous Emboli in The Spinal Cord and Meningeal Veins is a likley to occur in what kind of Dog?

Answer 23

low riders that need back surgery

Question 24

a nasty looking kidney with vasculitis, macrophagic and lymphoplasmacytic phlabitis is likely due to…?

Answer 24

FIP

Question 25

What are some types of acute heart filure? What is chronic heart failure?

Answer 25

Acute heart failure:
Cardiac syncope:
Loss of consciousness due to sudden fall of blood pressure, e.g. bradycardia, MI
Peripheral circulatory failure—decreased circulating blood volume
Heart may be fine but lack of functioning blood may be the problem: shock.

Chronic heart failure: congestive heart failure

Question 26

case

dog has:
Nocturnal cough, with blood
Dyspnea
Pulmonary edema
LAV(mitral) murmur
Ascites
Increased capillary refill time and cyanosis

What is your likely clinical diagnosis at this point?

Answer 26

congestive heart failure

Question 27

case

Case #1: Dog Cocker Spaniel 12 yr Male

History: This dog has been coughing at night for the past 2 years. Sometimes he brings up a bit of blood-tinged froth and occasionally exhibits obvious dyspnea. For the last few days, he has now begun to cough all day, especially when excited. He is very restless at night and can’t breath well lying down.

Physical Exam: There is a severe systolic murmur on the left side, deemed to be an AV murmur. Auscultation of the lungs reveals moist lung sounds. His abdomen is enlarged, and you believe it is full of fluid. Mucous membranes are “muddy” and capillary refill time is mildly prolonged. Evaluation of the abdominal fluid reveals it to be clear, have a specific gravity of about 1.014, and to be low in protein with few cells.

What is your diagnosis

Answer 27

right side heart failure