exam 2 (updated lol) Flashcards
a- / an-
not, without, lacking, deficient
amphi- / ampho-
on both sides, both, around
ana-
up, back, against
anti- / ant-
against, opposed to, preventing, releiving
apo-
away from
cata- / cat-
downward, disordered
di- / dis-
two, twice, double
dia- / di-
through, across, apart
dys-
difficult, painful, defective, abnormal
ec- / ex-
out of, away from
ecto- / ect-
outside of
en- / em-
in, into, within
endo- / ento- // end-, ent-
within
epi- / ep-
upon, over, above
eso-
within, inner, inward
eu-
good, normal, healthy, [true]
exo-
outside of, from the outside, toward the outside
hemi-
half, partial; one side of the body
heter- / hetero-
different, other, relationship to another
homo- / homeo-
same, alike
hyper-
over, above, excessive, beyond normal
hypo- / hyp-
under, deficient, below normal
meta- / met-
change, transformation, after, behind
mono- / mon-
one, single
para- / par-
alongside, around, abnormal, beyond
peri-
around, surrounding
pro-
before (temporal or position)
pros- / prosth-
in place of
syn- / sym-
with, together, joined
-a
n. state, condition
-ac
adj. pertaining to, located in
-ia
n. state, condition
-iac
n. person suffering with…
-iasis
n. disease, abnormal condition / presence of
[-lithiasis]
n. formation and/or presence of calculi
-ic
adj. pertaining to, located in // n. drug, agent
-in / -ine
n. substance name
-ist
n. a person interested in
-itic
adj. pertaining to inflammation
-itis
n. inflammation, inflamed condition
-itides
n. plural of -itis
-ium / -eum
n. membrane, connective tissue; region of the body
-ma (-mat-)
n. abnormal / diseased condition
-osis*
n. abnormal / diseased condition
-otic
adj. (adj. form of -osis)
-sia
n. state, condition
-sis
n. state, condition, process, procedure
-tic
adj. (adj. form of -sis) // n. a person suffering from..
-y
n. state, condition, quality, process, procedure
-logy
n. study of…
-logist
n. a person who studies…
-malacia
n. a softening of tissues
-sclerosis
n. a hardening of tissues
-stenosis
n. a narrowing of (a part of the body)
-toxic
adj. poisonous to…
-toxin
n. substance poisonous to…
-meter
n. an instrument for measuring
-al
adj. pertaining to, located in
-ase
n. enzyme name
-asia / -asis
n. state, condition
-ema (-emat-)
n. state, condition
-esis
n. state, condition, procedure
-etic
adj. pertaining to (often adj. form of -esis)
-ics
n. science, field of study
-ism
n. state, condition, quality
-ismus
n. state, condition, muscle spasm
-oid / -ode / -id
adj. resembling… // n. a thing resembling
-oma [pl. -omata] (-omat-)
n. tumor, disease
-ose
adj. full of, resembling // n. a sugar
-ous
adj. pertaining to, full of
-tics
n. science, field of study
-us
n. condition, person (rarely a malformed fetus)
-ize
v. to make, to become, to cause to be, to engage in
-ate
n. chemical name
-ide
n. chemical name
-ite
n. chemical name
-one
n. chemical name
-cystis
n. bladder, cyst
acanth-
thorn, spine
alg-
pain
alges-
sensitivity to pain
all-
other, divergence, difference from
angi-
(blood) vessel, duct
arteri-
[air passage] artery
arthr-
joint
bi-
life
brady-
slow
cardi-
heart
cephal-
head
crani-
skull
cyt-
cell
encephal-
brain
erythr-
red, red blood cell
lept-
thin, fine, slight
leuk-
white, white blood cell
lith-
stone, calculus
log-
word, study
malac-
soft
mes-
middle, secondary, partial, mesentery
metr-
measure, measuring device
nephr-
kidney
neur-
nerve, nervous system
oste-
bone
prax-
act, action
prot-
first, primitive, early
scler-
hard
sten-
narrow
stere-
solid, having 3 dimensions
tachy-
rapid, fast
tox(i)-
poison
acr-
extremities
ambly-
dull, faint
carcin-
cancer, tumor, swelling
-cel-
hernia, tumor, swelling
cheir- / chir-
hand
chol(e)-
bile, gall
col(i)- / colon-
colon
cyan-
blue
cyst(i)-
bladder, cyst
diplo-
double, twin
enter-
(small) intestine
erg-
action, work
gastr-
stomach
hem- / hemat- / -em-
blood
hepar- / hepat-
liver
lip-
fat
macr-
(abnormally) large or long
mega- / megal-
(abnormally) large or long
melan-
black
micr-
(abnormally) small
nyct-
night
odyn-
pain
-onc
tumor
pachy-
thick
pseud-
false
py-
pus
sarc-
flesh, soft tissue
spasm-
spasm, involuntary muscular contraction
splen-
spleen
stom- / stomat-
mouth, opening
arachn-
spider, web; arachnoid membrane
chlor-
green
chondr-
cartilage
dactyl-
finger, toe
derm(at)- / -derma
skin
(h)elc-
ulcer
hidr(o)- , -idr-
sweat
hist(i)-
tissue
hydr-
water, fluid
hypn-
sleep
icter-
jaundice
in- , inos-
fiber, muscle
is-
equal, same, similar, alike
mening- / meninx
meningeal membrane, meninges (tissues around the brain)
my(s)-
muscle
myc(et)-
fungus
myel-
bone marrow, spinal cord
narc-
stupor, numbness
necr-
corpse, dead
olig-
few, deficient
onych-
fingernail, toenail
pod-
foot
poli-
gray matter of brain and spinal cord
poly-
many, excessive
por-
passage, opening, duct, pore, cavity
psych-
mind
stom(at)- / -soma
body
sthen-
strength
trachel-
neck, cervix
xanth-
yellow
aut-
self
crin-
secret, secretion
esthe(s)-
sensation, sensitivity, sense
gen(e)- / -gen
come into being, produce
gram-
a record
graph-
write, record
iatr-
healer, physician; treatment
idi-
concerning the self, of one’s self
kine- / kines-
move / movement, motion
ly(s)-
destroy, break down
myx-
mucus
orth-
straight, erect; normal
ot-
ear
path-
disease
phil-
love, an affinity for
pt-
fall, sag, drop, prolapse
pyr-
fever, burning
pyret-
fever
pyrex-
being feverish
rhe-
flow, secrete
rhag-
flow profusely
rhex-
hemorrhage rupture
rhin-
nose
scop-
look at, examine
sep-
infected
ta-
stretching
tel-
end, completion
ten- / tenon(t)-
tendon
therap(eu)-
treat medically, heal
tom-
a cutting, slice, incision
ton-
(of muscles) tone, tension
-ectasia / -ectasis
n. dilation, enlargement
-ectomy
n. surgical removal / excision; removal of all (or part) of an organ
-gen
n. a substance that produces…
-genesis
n. the formation, origin
-genic / -genous
adj. causing, producing, caused by, produced by or in
-gram
n. a record of the activity of an organ
-graph
n. an instrument for recording the activity of an organ
-graphy
n. the recording of the activity of an organ
-lysis
n. dissolution, disintegration, decomposition, breaking down
-lytic
adj. pertaining to dissolution, etc.
-pathy
n. disease
-ptosis
n. dropping, sagging, prolapse (of an organ or body part)
-rrhagia
n. profuse discharge, hemorrhage
-rrhea
n. profuse discharge, excessive secretion
-rrhexis
n. bursting (of tissues), rupture
-scope
n. an instrument for examining…
-scopy
n. the act of examining…
-tome
n. surgical instrument for cutting
-tomy
n. surgical incision
acou(s)- / acu(s)-
hear
amni-
fetal membrane, amniotic sac, amnion
asc- / ascit-
bladder, sac, bag
bar-
weight, pressure
cente-
pierce
chrom- / chroma- / chromat-
color, pigment
dips-
thirst
echo-
reverberating sound, echo
edema- / edemat-
swelling
eme-
vomit
gno(s)-
know
lal-
talk
lapar-
abdomen, abdominal wall
lex-
read, (act of reading)
mne-
remember
ne-
new
no-
mind, mental activity, comprehension
orec- / orex-
having an appetite
ox(y)-
acute, pointed; rapid; acid; oxygen
pha-
speak, communicate
phag-
swallow, eat, consume
pharmac(eu)-
medicine, drug
phem-
speech
phob-
fear, aversion towards
phon-
voice, sound
phras-
speak
phren-
mind; diaphragm
phylac-
protection (against disease)
phys(i)-
nature, appearance
phyt-
plant (organism), growth
poie-
produce, make
prosop-
face
sapr-
rotten, putrid, decaying
stear- / steat-
fat, sebum, sebaceous glands
andr-
man, male
ankyl- , ancyl-
fused, stiffened; hooked, crooked
aphrodis(i) -
sexual desire
brachy-
short
crypt-
hidden, latent
dem-
people, population
dolich-
long, narrow, slender
drom-
a running
er- , erot-
sexual desire
gyn(ec) -
woman, female
helmint(h)-
(intestinal) worm
nemat-
thread (worm)
nos-
disease, illness
odont-
tooth
pali(n)-
back (direction), again
pan(t)-
all, entire, every
phor-
bearing, carrying
phos-, phot-
light, daylight
plec- , pleg-
to strike, to paralyze
r(h)achi-
spine
schiz- , schist- , -schisis
split, cleft, fissure
spondyl-
vertebra
-staxis, -staxia
dripping, oozing (of blood)
than(at)-
death
the-
to place, to put
trich-
hair
troph-
nourishment
aden-
gland
aer-
air, gas
blenn-
mucus
cel(i)-
abdomen
ch(e)il-
lip
chron-
time
cla(s)- , -clast
to destroy, to break (up, apart, down)
-desis
binding
desm-
ligament, connective tissue
dynam-
force, power, energy
ger-
old age
gnath-
(lower) jaw
isch- , -sche-
to suppress, to check
klept-
to steal
lei-
smooth
lep-
attack, seizure
man-
to be mad (crazed)
mel-
limb
morph-
form, shape
nom-
law
omphal-
navel, umbilicus, belly button
ped-
child
pen-
decrease, dificiency
-pex-
fixing, (surgical) attachment
plas(t)-
to form, to develop
presby-
old, old age
prostat-
prostate gland
pty-
to spit
ptyal-
saliva, spit
-rrhaph-
to suture
sit-
food
sta(t)-
to stand, to stop
tax-
(msucular) coordination
therm-
heat, (body) temperature
trop-
to turn / a turning
ab-
away from
ad-
to, towards
ambi-
both
ante-
before, forward
bi-
two, twice, double, both
circum-
around
con-
with, together; thoroughly, very
contra-
against, opposite
de-
down, away from, absent
dis-
apart, away
ex-
out of, away from
extra-
on the outside; beyond
infra-
below, beneath
inter-
between
intra-
within
mult-
many, much; affecting many parts
ob-
against, toward; very, thoroughly
per-
through (direction); very, thoroughly
post-
after, following, behind
pre-
before, in front of
pro-
forward, in front
re-
back (direction), again
retro-
backward, in back, behind
se-
apart, away from
semi-
half, partial
sub-
under, below (direction)
super-
over, above (direction); excessively, extremely
trans-
across, through (direction)
ultra-
beyond, excessively
in-
in, into
not
very, thoroguhly
-al
pertaining to
-an
pertaining to, located in
-ar
pertaining to, located in
-arium
a place for
-ary
a place for; pertaining to
-ate
having the form of, possessing
-ia
state, quality, condition
-ian
an expert in a field of study
-ic
pertaining to
-id
pertaining to
-ile
pertaining to, capable of
-ine
pertaining to, located in
-ive
pertaining to
-lent
full of
-ose
full of
-ous
full of
-ty
state, quality, condition
-y
state, quality, condition
-ad
indicates direction towards
-cle / -culus
small
-ella / -ellum
small
-il / -illa
small
-ola / -olus
small
-ule / -ulus
small
uni-
one
bi- . bin- , bis-
two, twice, double, both
tri-
three
quadr-
four
quint-
five, fifth
sex- , sext-
six, sixth
sept-
seven
oct- , octa-
eight
non-
nine, ninth
dec- , deca-
ten, tenth, one-tenth
abdomin-
belly, abdomen
adip-
fat
aur-
ear
bacill-
bacillus bacteria
burs-
bursa (fluid sac in joints)
calc-
stone, calcium, lime (salt)
calor-
heat, energy
capit-
head
cerebr-
brain
cost-
rib
dent-
tooth
dors-
back (of body)
extern-
outer
fibr-
fiber, filament
fistul-
fistula, abnormal tubelike passage
frig- , frigor-
cold
insul-
island, insulin
intern-
inner
meat-
passage, opening
nas-
nose
pur-
pus
radic- , rad- , radix
root
ren-
kidney
sangui(n)
blood
son-
sound
synov-
synovial fluid / membrane (in joints)
tub-
tube
tuss-
cough
vacc- , vaccin-
cow; vaccine
vir- , virus-
virus, powerful
viscus- , viscer-
internal organ(s)
-able
capable of (being), able to
-ation
action or process, the act of (being), the result of (being)
-ce
the act of being, the state of being
-cy
the act of being, the state of being
-ible
capable of being, able to
-id
in a state or condition of
-ile
capable of being, able to
-ion
the act of
-ive
pertaining to
-ment
an agent or instrument
-or
an agent or instrument
-orium / -arium
a place for
-ory / -ary
pertaining to / a place for
-ure / -ura
result of an action
anter-
front, in front
brachi-
(upper) arm
-cid- , -cis-
to cut, to kill
-cip- , -cept-
to take
cresc- , -cret-
(to begin) to grow
digit-
finger, toe
duc- , duct-
to lead, to bring, to conduct
fac- , -fic- , -fect
to make
faci- , -fici- , facies
face, appearance
febr- , febris
fever
fer- , lat-
to bring, to carry, to bear
flect- , -flex-
to bend
fung-
fungus
fus-
to pour
genit-
to bring forth, to produce
ger- , gest-
to carry, to bear
immun(i)-
safe, protected
inferior-
below
lab- , laps-
to slip, to fall
later-
side
or- , os-
mouth
oss-
bone
pedicul-
louse (pl. lice)
poster- , posterior
behind, in back
sect-
to cut
somn-
sleep
stabil- , stabl-
stable, fixed
superior-
above
tum(e)
to be swollen
-sc-
(forms inceptive verb) to begin to
sagittal / medial plane
right and left halves
frontal / coronal plane
front and back halves
transverse / horizontal / axial plane
top and bottom halves (at navel)
