Exam 2 - Typical & Atypical Development Flashcards
Piaget - Stage 1 -4
Critiques?
Stage 1- Sensorimotor period birth to 2 years
Stage 2 - Preoperational period 2-7
Stage 3 - Concrete operational period 7-11
Stage 4 - Formal operational period 11-adult
Development is continuous/not in stages
only 1/3 of adults reach formal operations
Biopsychosocial Model - discuss?
Biological - physical health, disability, genetics
Social - family, school, peers
Psychological - coping skills, self esteem, social skills.
Gardner’s 8 Multiple Intelligences - everyone has their strengths and weaknesses - let’s play into it! What are some examples of intelligences?
Bodily-kinesthetic
Musical-rhythmic
Logical-mathematical
Verbal-linguistic
Interpersonal
Visual-spatial
Naturalistic.
More than 50% of a newborn’s neurons will be eliminated during pruning and apoptosis.
What’s the difference between a developmental delay versus a progressive neurological disorder?
Developmental delay is linear progression at a lower level than typical.
Progressive neurologic disorder is someone who starts off on the typical projectory and then falls off and doesn’t return.
Difference between growth and development
Growth - objective measureable increase in body size
Development - advances in 4 domains.
Which domain has the least correlation with cognition?
Gross motor. Patients are still able to achieve milestones even though there is other developmental delay.
How and why do you calculate a motor quotient?
(Age expected to achieve a milestone / age attained) x 100
Quotient in 50-75% range are consistent with MINOR neurologic dysfunction/clumsy child syndrome
Quotient below 50% are consistent with CP.
How old is a child who is in the “pre-linguistic” stage of language development?
Birth -11mo.
What are the 3 main sub-streams of language development?
Receptive, expressive and pragmatic (using language to influence)
Slides 60-81 in Typical Development PPT - test yourself!
1/5 kids in US has a special health care need.
Discuss the definitions of Developmental delay, deviance, dissociation.
Delay - correct order, but slower.
Deviance - no in expected order, uneven or non-sequential order within ONE stream
Dissociation - streams of development are dissociated, different rates in TWO or more streams.
What is the most common cause of motor disability in children?
Cerebral palsy
CP can have comorbidities in disturbances of sensation, cognition, communication, perception, behavior, seizure disorder.
Sturge-Weber syndrome - what is the defining feature?
port wine stain on face can extend into the brain.
T/F: we know what causes CP
False. There are many associations
CP known associations
Prematurity, metabolic abnormalities, autoimmune inflam, intrauterine infection, multiple births, intrauterine trauma, hypoxia, TBI from shaken baby, teratogens/toxins.
What are some early diagnostic signs of CP
Scooting, bunny hopping, reverse tailor sitting, mermaid rolling.
CP pain differential:
Hip subluxation, dental problems, constipation, GE reflux, kidney stones, urinary retention and HUNGER.
Why are kids with CP so hungry all the time?
They burn so many calories with muscle spasticity.
Global developmental delay is a ________ diagnosis and indicates failure to achieve _______
Temporary.
Expected milestones (language, social, adaptive)
Slide 38 on Atypical Development slides- etiology of GDD.
ID behavior requires an IQ (intelectual function deficits) and adaptive deficits.
What does mosaic mean?
Some genes of some organ systems are affected, and some are not affected. It is possible to have normal functioning reproductive systems in Trisomy 21. Etc.
Leading cause of GDD in females?
Rhett syndrome.
What is Rett Syndrome?
Mutations in the x-linked gene encoding methyl-CpG-binding protein (MeCP2).
Develop normal up until about
6-18mo of age decline, then rapid decline and then plateau.
FAS - average IQ 65, INDISTINCT/LACK of PHILTRUM, growth deficiency, microcephaly, small pal. Fissures, heart defects, skeletal abnormalities. Low nasal bridge, thin/weak upper lip, small lower jaw, flat mid face, minor ear anomalies.
Most common cause of preventable intellectual disability?
FAS. Can lead to ADHD, speech/language disorders, sensory impairment, learning disability, ID, epilepsy.
What is the most common INHERITED form of ID?
Fragile X syndrome.
Describe Fragile X syndrome?
Moderate to severe ID, macro-orchidism, large, prominent ears, jaw. High-pitched jocular speech.
Types of Specific Learning Disorders (SLDs)
Reading - dyslexia
Writing - dysgraphia
Arithmetic - dyscalculia
Speaking/listening - language impairment, receptive/expressive, developmental language disorder
Reasoning - executive function disorder
