Exam 2 - Topic 3 - The Cell Flashcards
1
Q
Protoplasm
A
- substances that make up the cell
- water / electrolytes / proteins / lipids / carbs
2
Q
Stone heart
A
- too much Ca inside cardiac muscle cells
- heart tetanus
- leads to death
3
Q
Electrolytes
A
- K / Mg / PO4 / SO4 / HCO3
- Na / Cl / Ca in low [ ]
- Used for cellular reactions and special cell functions
4
Q
Proteins
A
- Second most abundant in cells (10 to 20%)
- Functional proteins: enzymes
- Structural proteins: microtubules
5
Q
Lipids
A
- mostly phospholipids and cholesterol
- 2% of cell mass
6
Q
Carbs
A
- Part of glycoproteins
- Major role is nutrition
- Does store a lot in cells (only 1% of cell)
- Always present in ECF as dissolved glucose
7
Q
Cell membrane
A
- Mostly comprised of protein and phospholipids
- lipid bilayer
- permeable to O2, CO2, etOH
- outer layer negative charge due to membrane carbs
8
Q
Integral proteins
A
- Provide channels / pores
- Act as carrier proteins
- Act as enzymes
- Act as receptors
- Go all the way through
9
Q
Peripheral proteins
A
- just on one side
- can be attached to integral proteins
- act as enzymes
- act as controllers for channels
10
Q
Granules
A
- Protein enzymes inside of lysosomes
11
Q
Lysosomes
A
- Digestive enzymes
- break off from golgi
12
Q
Peroxisomes
A
- similar to lysosomes
- break off from smooth ER or self replicating
- contain oxidases
- bad if oxidase combines with O2 forming H2O2
- H2O2 bad for reprofusion -> creates free radicals
13
Q
ATP
A
- Energy of cell
- 12,000 calories in one ATP
- 1 glucose molecule has potential of 686,000 calories
- > Aerobic respiration harvests 456,000 (38ATP*12,000)
- > 66% efficiency
- 3 uses: transport things / synthesis of compounds and growth / mechanical work like muscle contraction
14
Q
Acidosis
A
- pH too low in blood
- can be caused by too much lactic acid build up in anaerobic respiration
