Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

551 - Anatomy > Exam 2 - Thorax & Mediastium > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Thorax & Mediastium Flashcards

1
Q

Major blood vessels of trunk

A
  • Aorta
  • Carotid (head)
  • Vena Cava
  • Femoral Arteries/Veins
  • Jugular Veins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Femoral Artery location

A
  • Just lateral to femoral vein

- Femoral vein is more medial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Thorax consists of:

A
  • Thoracic vertebrae (posterior)
  • Ribs (lateral)
  • Sternum (anterior)
  • Costal cartilage (anterior)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Purpose of Thorax

A
  • Protective cage around vital organs
  • Supports shoulder girdle and arms (upper limps)
  • Lever mechanism for breathing muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Major landmarks of Thorax

A
  • Clavicles
  • Sternum (Manubrium, Jugular notch, Sternal Body, Xiphoid process, Sternal Angle
  • Costal Margins
  • Midsternal line
  • Midclavicular lines (two of them that cut each clavicle in half vertically)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Manubrium

A
  • Top portion of Sternum
  • Jugular notch (Superior and at T2 level)
  • Sternoclavicular joints (only attachment of upper limb to axial skeleton)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Sternal Angle

A
  • Junction between Manubrium and Sternal Body
  • Marks:
    - Start/end of aortic arch
    - Trachea split into L and R primary bronchi
    - Azygos vein passes over to SVC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Mini-sternotomy

A
  • Surgeon only cuts top portion of sternum to expose aortic valve
  • Patient has less recovery time and less pain
  • Less visibility
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

3 Types of Ribs

A
  • True ribs: 1-7 / Attach directly to sternum
  • False ribs: 8-12 / Attach indirectly or not at all
  • Floating ribs: 11-12 / No attachment to sternum at all
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Costal groove

A
  • Small groove in intercostal space where nerves and vessels run
  • VAN (vein / artery / nerve –> from superior to inferior)
  • VAN run through superior portion of intercostal space
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Two important nerves in Thorax

A
  • Vagus: innervates heart and diaphragm

- Phrenic: innervates heart and diaphragm / controls breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Intercostal nerves

A
  • Derived from first 11 thoracic spinal nerves

- Give rise to sensory and motor branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Internal Thoracic Artery (Internal Mammory Artery)

A
  • Very important artery
  • Branches from subclavian artery
  • One on each side of heart running down
  • Used as conduit for CABG procedures (usually LEFT side)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Anterior Intercostal Artery

A
  • Arises from ITA
  • Perfuses anterior portion of thoracic cavity
  • Continuous with Posterior Intercostal Artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Posterior Intercostal Artery

A
  • Arises from Thoracic Aorta

- Connects around to ITA in the anterior region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Internal Thoracic Vein

A
  • ITV
  • Runs parallel to ITA along the ribs
  • Drains into brachiocephalic vein
17
Q

Anterior Intercostal Vein

A
  • Parallel to Anterior Intercostal Artery in intercostal space
  • Drains into ITV & muscularphrenic vein -> brachiocephalic vein
18
Q

Posterior Intercostal Vein

A
  • Runs parallel with posterior intercostal artery
  • Upper 2 drain into brachiocephalic vein
  • Lower 9 are part of Azygos system and drain into SCV
19
Q

Azygos System

A
  • Collects blood from Thoracic Walls and Visceral Structures
    (Lungs / esophagus / thymus)
  • Drains into SVC and has NO valves
    (Pressure dependent only –> good for blood storage)
20
Q

Veins of Azygos System

A
  • Azygos Vein
  • Posterior Intercostal Veins
  • Hemi-Azygos vein
  • Accessory hemi -Azygos vein
21
Q 
Auscultation Points
(Listening to valves)
A
  • Aortic (right 2nd ICS)
  • Pulmonic (left 2nd ICS)
  • Tricuspid (lower left Sternal border)
  • Mitral (left 5th ICS at mid-clavicle line)
22
Q

Ectopic cordis

A
  • Congenital defect where heart lies outside of sternum externally
23
Q

Pectus excavatum

A
  • Inward funneling of the sternum
24
Q

Flail Chest

A
  • Trauma resulting multiple rib fractures

- Chest wall will move freely with respiration

25
Q

Median Sternotomy

A
  • Sternum split down the midline and retracted for surgical exposure of the heart or mediastinum
26
Q

Mediastinum contains:

A
  • Heart
  • Great vessels (SVC, Aorta, Pulmonary artery, etc.)
  • Trachea
  • Esophagus
  • All thoracic organs (except lungs)
27
Q

Mediastinum Regions

A
  • Superior (separated via the Sternal angle to the T4/T5 line)
  • Inferior
    - Anterior (ITA, Inferior Thymus, Lymph nodes)
    - Middle (pericardial sac, heart)
    - Posterior (descending thoracic aorta, Azygos system, esophagus, vagus nerve, trachea, lymph nodes)
28
Q

Pericardium

A
  • Confines heart to mediastium but allows for movement
  • 2 layers: 5 to 10 cc between
    - Fibrous (superficial, tough, inelastic, protection)
    - Serous (form double layer around heart…parietal/visceral)
    - Visceral - aka epicardium
    - Parietal - fused to fibrous pericardium

551 - Anatomy (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions