Exam 2: Surveys and Observations Flashcards
What is construct validity in surveys?
How well a survey measures what it intends to measure.
What are open-ended questions?
Questions that allow respondents to answer in their own words.
What is a Likert scale?
A rating scale used to measure agreement with a statement.
What is a leading question?
A question that suggests a particular answer, potentially biasing results.
What is a double-barreled question?
A question that asks two things at once, making it difficult to answer accurately.
What is social desirability bias?
When respondents answer in a way they think is socially acceptable rather than truthful.
What is observer bias?
When an observer’s expectations influence their interpretation of participants’ behavior.
What is reactivity in observational research?
When people change their behavior because they know they are being observed.
How can researchers reduce reactivity?
By using unobtrusive observations or waiting for subjects to become accustomed to observation.
what are forced choice quesitons?
People pick the best option of those provide
semantic differential format
People asked to use a numerical rating scale anchored with adjectives
“easy” to “hard” on a scale
expectancy effects
occur when a researcher’s expectations or beliefs unintentionally influence the participants’ behavior or the study’s outcomes
can lead to biased results and reduced validity in research findings.
reactivity effects
the observed (not observer) might react to being watched
socially desirable responding
occurs when participants in a survey or study alter their responses to present themselves in a more favorable light, rather than providing honest or accurate answers.
