Exam 2: Survey Methods and Developing a Research Instrument Flashcards

1
Q

What is descriptive research also known as?

A

Experimental research

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2
Q

What is the basic question that descriptive research ask?

A

descriptive research asks: What is?

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3
Q

What does descriptive research measure and record?

A

Events that would happen anyway.

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4
Q

T/F: Descriptive research has no manipulation of variables.

A

True.

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5
Q

How is manipulation of variables impossible or unethical in descriptive research?

A

Unethical to ask children not to sleep in sleep study; unethical to cause injury in researching different therapies.

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6
Q

T/F: Cause-and-effect is more difficult to establish in descriptive research.

A

True

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7
Q

what are the effects of no randomization in descriptive research?

A

there is less control and many threats to internal validity.

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8
Q

What are the three traits of survey research?

A

descriptive, exploratory, explanatory.

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9
Q

what is the unit of analysis in descriptive research?

A

respondents

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10
Q

Who are respondents in survey research?

A

the person whom the questions are being asked.

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11
Q

What samples, attitudes and data does survey research entail?

A

large samples, original data, measuring attitudes and orientations.

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12
Q

how is a survey research implemented?

A

consist of asking questions of representative sample of desired population at single point in time.

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13
Q

What is the most difficult part in conducting a survey?

A

writing the questions.

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14
Q

What does a survey seek to do?

A

to determine present practices or opinions of a specific population.

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15
Q

how is data collected in a survey?

A

through questionnaires of interviews.

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16
Q

What is a questionnaire?

A

a self reported instrument that is mailed or handed to respondent to complete with no help from outside sources.

17
Q

What is an administered questionnaire?

A

respondents are directly given the questionnaire.

18
Q

what is a distributed questionnaire?

A

the questionnaire is mailed of electronically delivered.

19
Q

What are the 3 interview methods in survey research?

A
  1. phone interview
  2. personal interview
  3. focus group interview
20
Q

Advantages of survey research (3)

A
  • best method for collecting original data for describing population too large to observe directly
  • probability sampling reflects larger population
  • standardized questionnaires provide data in same form for respondents
21
Q

Disadvantage of survey research

A

Relies heavily on response rate.

22
Q

How to organize a questionnaire

A
  • layout important
  • number of questions; more questions = poor return rate
  • place easy to answer and key questions first
  • sensitive questions near end
  • collect demographic information
23
Q

how to organize a cover letter for a survey questionnaire

A
  • be professional and concise
  • state and explain importance and purpose of survey
  • assure of privacy
  • have basic instructions, incentives may be used.
24
Q

What is an open-ended question? (unstructured)

A
  • it is exploratory = allows for details
  • preferred for complex questions
  • difficult to analyze
  • requires more respondent time and effort
25
what is a closed question? (structured)
- standard answers provided - facilitates answering sensitive questions - easy for respondent - easy to code and analyze
26
What are the three important attributes for composing questions?
- focus - brevity (concise) - simplicity
27
when should validity and reliability be determined for a questionnaire?
- before it is administered
28
how do you conduct a pilot study?
- send questionnaire to colleagues - revise and send to sample population - analyze results - revise again and use
29
What decisions are made when developing a questionnaire?
- number of items - types of scales - item intensity - wording
30
what are the three types of scales in surveys?
- likert scale - guttman scale - semantic differential scale
31
what is the Likert scale?
- level of agreement | - agree, neutral, disagree
32
what is the guttman scale?
- cumulative scaling of increasing intensity | - check each statement you agree with: marry immigrant, live next to immigrant, immigrants in USA
33
What is the semantic differential scale?
- scale that rates along continuum | - good to bad 3-2-1-0-1-2-3