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OCTH 295A: Intro to Research > Exam 2: Survey Methods and Developing a Research Instrument > Flashcards

Exam 2: Survey Methods and Developing a Research Instrument Flashcards

1
Q

What is descriptive research also known as?

A

Experimental research

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2
Q

What is the basic question that descriptive research ask?

A

descriptive research asks: What is?

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3
Q

What does descriptive research measure and record?

A

Events that would happen anyway.

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4
Q

T/F: Descriptive research has no manipulation of variables.

A

True.

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5
Q

How is manipulation of variables impossible or unethical in descriptive research?

A

Unethical to ask children not to sleep in sleep study; unethical to cause injury in researching different therapies.

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6
Q

T/F: Cause-and-effect is more difficult to establish in descriptive research.

A

True

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7
Q

what are the effects of no randomization in descriptive research?

A

there is less control and many threats to internal validity.

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8
Q

What are the three traits of survey research?

A

descriptive, exploratory, explanatory.

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9
Q

what is the unit of analysis in descriptive research?

A

respondents

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10
Q

Who are respondents in survey research?

A

the person whom the questions are being asked.

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11
Q

What samples, attitudes and data does survey research entail?

A

large samples, original data, measuring attitudes and orientations.

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12
Q

how is a survey research implemented?

A

consist of asking questions of representative sample of desired population at single point in time.

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13
Q

What is the most difficult part in conducting a survey?

A

writing the questions.

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14
Q

What does a survey seek to do?

A

to determine present practices or opinions of a specific population.

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15
Q

how is data collected in a survey?

A

through questionnaires of interviews.

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16
Q

What is a questionnaire?

A

a self reported instrument that is mailed or handed to respondent to complete with no help from outside sources.

17
Q

What is an administered questionnaire?

A

respondents are directly given the questionnaire.

18
Q

what is a distributed questionnaire?

A

the questionnaire is mailed of electronically delivered.

19
Q

What are the 3 interview methods in survey research?

A
  1. phone interview
  2. personal interview
  3. focus group interview
20
Q

Advantages of survey research (3)

A
  • best method for collecting original data for describing population too large to observe directly
  • probability sampling reflects larger population
  • standardized questionnaires provide data in same form for respondents
21
Q

Disadvantage of survey research

A

Relies heavily on response rate.

22
Q

How to organize a questionnaire

A
  • layout important
  • number of questions; more questions = poor return rate
  • place easy to answer and key questions first
  • sensitive questions near end
  • collect demographic information
23
Q

how to organize a cover letter for a survey questionnaire

A
  • be professional and concise
  • state and explain importance and purpose of survey
  • assure of privacy
  • have basic instructions, incentives may be used.
24
Q

What is an open-ended question? (unstructured)

A
  • it is exploratory = allows for details
  • preferred for complex questions
  • difficult to analyze
  • requires more respondent time and effort
25
Q

what is a closed question? (structured)

A
  • standard answers provided
  • facilitates answering sensitive questions
  • easy for respondent
  • easy to code and analyze
26
Q

What are the three important attributes for composing questions?

A
  • focus
  • brevity (concise)
  • simplicity
27
Q

when should validity and reliability be determined for a questionnaire?

A
  • before it is administered
28
Q

how do you conduct a pilot study?

A
  • send questionnaire to colleagues
  • revise and send to sample population
  • analyze results
  • revise again and use
29
Q

What decisions are made when developing a questionnaire?

A
  • number of items
  • types of scales
  • item intensity
  • wording
30
Q

what are the three types of scales in surveys?

A
  • likert scale
  • guttman scale
  • semantic differential scale
31
Q

what is the Likert scale?

A
  • level of agreement

- agree, neutral, disagree

32
Q

what is the guttman scale?

A
  • cumulative scaling of increasing intensity

- check each statement you agree with: marry immigrant, live next to immigrant, immigrants in USA

33
Q

What is the semantic differential scale?

A
  • scale that rates along continuum

- good to bad 3-2-1-0-1-2-3

OCTH 295A: Intro to Research (5 decks)

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