Exam 2 Study Guide

Question 1

1. How many Species have been identified?
2. How many species are estimated to exist on Earth?
3. How many of those species are insects?
4. What percentage of species do invertebrates make up?

Answer 1

1. 1.7 Million
2. 3-50 Million
3. 4-6 Million
4. 65%

Question 2

What is the level of protection( low, medium or high) for the following?

• Ecological reserves and wilderness areas:
• National parks:
• Natural monuments and archaeological sites:
• Habitat and wildlife management areas:
• Cultural or scenic landscapes, recreation areas:

Answer 2

• Ecological reserves and wilderness areas: Low
• National parks: Low
• Natural monuments and archaeological sites: Low to Medium
• Habitat and wildlife management areas: Medium
• Cultural or scenic landscapes, recreation areas: Medium to High

Question 3

What is BPA and where it is found?

Answer 3

BPA is Bisphenol A. Found in baby bottles, automobile headlights, eyeglass lenses, CDs, DVDs, water pipes, the linings of cans(for canned food) and bottles, and tooth-protecting sealants.

Question 4

Please define Morbidity, and mortality

Answer 4

Morbidity is illness

Mortality is death rate

Question 5

What does LD50 stand for?

Answer 5

LD50 - dose at which 50% of the animal test population dies

Question 6

What are GMOs and what are pros and cons?

Answer 6

Removes DNA from one organism and splices it into the chromosomes of another. Produces genetically modified organisms (GMOs) with new traits

● Pros: Can produce crops with pest-resistance and wider tolerance levels to frost, drought, low nutrient and salty soils. Can improve protein or vitamin content of crop. Can incorporate oral vaccines into foods such as bananas for use in developing nations. Animals can be modified to grow faster or produce pharmaceuticals in their milk.

● Cons: Opponents worry that: GMOs might produce superweeds resistant to pesticides. Native biodiversity may be reduced. Novel toxins might be created. Technology may only be available to the rich, making family farms uncompetitive and driving poor nations further into poverty.

Question 7

What is a soil profile? What are the correct order of the Layers(horizons) and what is the composition of each horizon?

Answer 7

• Soils are stratified into horizontal layers called soil horizons. Horizons taken together make up the soil profile
●O Horizon (Organic layer): Leaf litter, most soil organisms and partially decomposed organisms

●A Horizon (Surface soil): Mineral particles mixed with organic material

●E Horizon (washed out): Depleted of soluble nutrients

●B Horizon (Subsoil) (Often dense texture due to clays

●C Horizon (Weathered rock fragments with little organic material )

Question 8

Accumulation of topsoil is slow. It take a year to replace _______ mm of soil.

Answer 8

1 mm

Question 9

In general soil has 6 components. Please list them:

Answer 9

●Sand and Gravel
● Silts and Clay 
● Dead Organic Material 
● Soil Fauna and Flower 
● Water 
● Air

Question 10

There are ______ hotspots on land that contain ____% of threatened _____, _______, and ______.

Answer 10

34 hotspots

75%

Birds, Mammals, Amphibians

Question 11

Annually, about 5 million birds are sold world-wide, of which ____% die before reaching the market.

Answer 11

60%

Question 12

Definitions: Endangered, threatened, vulnerable

Answer 12

Endangered: A those considered in imminent danger of extinction

Threatened: Are those likely to become endangered, at least locally, in the near future

Vulnerable: Are those that are naturally rare or have been locally depleted to a level that puts them at risk.

Question 13

What does USFWS stand for?

Answer 13

United States Fish and Wildlife Service

Question 14

What is CITES and what is its purpose?

Answer 14

CITES: Convention on International Trade In Endangered Species: Regulates trade in living specimens and products derived from listed threatened species