exam 2 - stress, anger, grief Flashcards
____ stress leading to a physiologic overload has a negative impact on health
acute
_____ stress is clearly linked to negative health outcomes
chronic
what model shows stress associated with development or exacerbation of mental illness
diathesis-stress model
what describes the relationship between chronic stress and damage to the body?
general adaptation syndrome
general adaptation syndrome describes increased ____ secretion during stress
corticosteroids
what do the adrenal glands secrete in response to stress?
cortisol
excessive cortisol secretion can lead to the dysfunction of the _____ nervous system
autonomic
what is the term used to describe the consequences of wear and tear of the body and brain – ill health
allostatic load
what is the term to describe the dynamic regulation of homeostasis?
allostasis
two factors that determine if a person experiences stress response
- person-environment relationships
- appraisal
what is appraisal?
consideration of demands, constraints, resources, and personal goals and beliefs
what is primary appraisal?
what is actually going on – evaluation of events as a threat, harm, or challenge
what is secondary appraisal?
how we respond to what is going on – explanation of outcome of events
what personality type is competitive, aggressive, ambitious, impatient, alert, tense, and restless
A
what personality type is relaxed, easy going, and easily satisfied?
B
what personality type is introverted, respectful, conforming, compliant, and eager to please
C
what personality type is increased negative emotions, pessimism, non-sharing of emotions
D
what are the physical and social environments that impact person-environment relationships?
social networks
social support
demands and constraints
life events
what are the emotional stress responses
negative emotions
positive emotions
borderline emotions
nonemotions
hope, compassion, empathy, sympathy, and contentment
borderline emotions
confidence, awe, confusion, and excitement
nonemotions
____ is deliberate, planned, and psychological activity to manage stressful demands
coping
positive coping leads to….
adaptation
two types of coping
problem focused
emotional focused
____ is a person’s capacity to survive and flourish
adaptation
what three important areas does adaptation effect?
healthy coping
psychological well-being
social functioning
___ is the internal affective state that may or may not be expressed in overt behavior
anger
if anger is expressed it can be …
constructive or destructive
____ anger is excessive outwardly directed anger or suppressed anger
maladaptive
_____ ____ of anger is similar in all people, but the ways anger is ____ differs
physiologic arousal; expressed
3 styles of anger expression
anger suppression
unhealthy outward anger expression
constructive anger discussion
evidence based tool used in assessment of anger
spielberger state trait anger expression (STAXI)
overt behavior intended to hurt, belittle, take revenge, or achieve domination and control
aggression
___ aggression is sarcasm, insults, threats
verbal
___ aggression is property damage, slapping, hitting
physical
type of aggression in which the frontal cortex does not rein in the amygdala resulting in behavior comparable to a “wild horse”
impulsive
___ aggression is premeditation, unrelated to person’s pain
instrumental
___ is extreme aggression; the use of strong force or weapons to inflict bodily harm to another, possibly to kill
violence
the biologic theories of aggression and violence include which brain structures?
limbic system and cerebral cortex
what are the components of the biologic theories of aggression and violence?
neurocognitive impairment
social hx of abuse or family violence
monoamine oxidase A – aggression related gene
low serotonin levels
sex hormones – testosterone
____ theories state that suppression of drives is related to aggression and anger
psychoanalytic
_____ theories state that aggression and violence is a learned response to stimulus; frustration-aggression hypothesis
behavioral
____ theory states that participation in environments that rewards aggression makes you more likely to be aggressive or violentWhat does the general aggression model include?
social learning
what does the general aggression model include?
person factors
situational factors
cognition
arousal
____ occurs when there is a perceived challenge or threat that overwhelms the capacity of the individual to cope effectively with the event
crisis
crises has either ___ or ___ outcomes
positive; negative
crises are ____-_____ events that trigger adaptive or nonadaptive responses to maturational, situational, or traumatic experiences
time-limited
____ crisis is a maturational event such as leaving home, completing school, or new adulthood
developmental
____ crisis occurs when there is a specific stressful event; loss of a job, graduation
situational
____ crisis is initiated by an unexpected and unusual event such as trauma, injury, breakup, death of a loved one
traumatic
____ response is an intense, emotional reaction to the loss of a loved one
grief
the grief response often includes spontaneous expression of ….
pain, sadness, and desolation
____ process refers to the process of mourning and coping with the loss of a loved one beginning immediately after the loss but possible lasting months or years
bereavement
first stage of grief and bereavement
shock and disbelief
second stage of grief and bereavement
awareness of loss
third stage of grief and bereavement
conservation-withdrawal
fourth stage of grief and bereavement
healing
fifth stage of grief and bereavement
renewal
what model shows the everyday life experience going back and forth between loss oriented and restoration oriented grief
dual process model
loss oriented experiences of grief/bereavement
grief work
intrusion of grief
breaking bonds/lies/relocation
denial/avoidance or restoration changes
restoration oriented experiences of grief/bereavement
attending to life changes
doing new things
distraction from grief
denial/avoidance of grief
new roles/identities/relationships
what type of grief is experienced by most
uncomplicated
what type of grief is when you are frozen in chronic mourning
complicated
