Exam 2 (review version)

Question 1

Quantitative Biomechanics

Answer 1

• forces
• EMGs
• 3d movements of body segments

Question 2

Qualitative

Answer 2

• Professionals, not scientists
• Coaches, speech therapists, trainers, etc.
• Visual assessment
• Observing, subjecting, making judgement

Question 3

Kinematics

Answer 3

• Spatial and timing characteristics
• Time
• Displacement
• Angular displacement
• Velocity
• Angular velocity
• Acceleration
• Angular acceleration

Question 4

Particle Model

Answer 4

-dot model representing center of mass

Question 5

Stick Figure Model

Answer 5

-body configuration in 2d

Question 6

Rigid Segment Body Model

Answer 6

-3d Volume

Question 7

Steps for analysis

Answer 7

• identify the system
• frame of reference
• identify type of motion-body planes

Question 8

Types of motion

Answer 8

• linear
• angular
• general

Question 9

Causes of motion

Answer 9

-external forces and internal forces

Question 10

Moment of force

Answer 10

moment arm * force

Question 11

First class levers

Answer 11

-effort and load on opposite sides

Question 12

Second class levers

Answer 12

• 2 on same side

- load closer to axis

Question 13

Third class levers

Answer 13

• 2 on same side

- effort closer to axis

Question 14

Newton’s 1st law

Answer 14

-object at rest remains at rest, object in motion remains in motion

Question 15

Newton’s 2nd law

Answer 15

-the acceleration of an object is dependent upon two variables - the net force acting upon the object and the mass of the object

Question 16

Newton’s 3rd law

Answer 16

-for every action (force) in nature there is an equal and opposite reaction

Question 17

Closed loop control

Answer 17

-utilizing feedback during the response to error correct

Question 18

Action potential

Answer 18

-the change in electrical potential associated with the passage of an impulse along the membrane of a muscle cell or nerve cell

Question 19

Reaction time

Answer 19

-Time difference between stimulus and response initiation

Question 20

Movement intelligence

Answer 20

• Aggregate and vast repertoire of movements developed since birth
• We draw upon it to create a response
• Skills continually being enhanced, revised, and adapted through experiences

Question 21

Motor programs

Answer 21

-Movement plans that are stored in our memory when we learn a new skill

Question 22

Generalized motor program

Answer 22

• Consists of a stored pattern of movements
• An alternate to the simple motor program
• Abstract
• Parameters: Specify things as order of events or subunits
• Same memory that represents a class of responses: Big bob, medium bob, little bob

Question 23

Factors affecting movement intelligence

Answer 23

-Adequate stimulation at an early age
-Opportunities to practice
-Continuous encouragement
Inheritance of abilities

Question 24

Movement abilities

Answer 24

• Are inherited, enduring, and stable traits that serve as the foundation for the development of motor programs
• Hockey player and scholar have different abilities

Question 25

All around athlete

Answer 25

- possible | - we can improve our motor abilities

Question 26

3 Features of skills

Answer 26

- Max certainty - Min energy - Min time * efficiency

Question 27

Hierarchical organization

Answer 27

-Executive motor program with 3 subroutines, each subroutine has a subroutine and those have subroutines which produce the response

Question 28

Serial nature of skills

Answer 28

-Subroutines must follow a particular sequence in order for the executive program to be effectively carried out

Question 29

Closed skills

Answer 29

- Under open loop control | - Teach with repetition

Question 30

Open skills

Answer 30

- Under closed loop control | - Teach with variability

Question 31

Closed skill synonyms

Answer 31

``` closed environment (predictable) open loop ```

Question 32

open skill synonyms

Answer 32

``` open environment (less predictable) closed loop ```

Question 33

muscular strength

Answer 33

- Measured as a max value - Strength = force - F = m*a - W = F x D

Question 34

power

Answer 34

- The ability to overcome external resistance at high rate of muscular contraction - Dependent on muscular strength

Question 35

muscular endurance

Answer 35

-Ability of a muscle or muscle group to sustain a given level of force (static exercise) or to contract and relax (dynamic exercise)

Question 36

cardiorespiratory endurance

Answer 36

- VO2max | - Absolute VO2max

Question 37

physical fitness

Answer 37

ability to carry out tasks without undue fatigue

Question 38

physical activity

Answer 38

any movement of the body that requires energy expenditure

Question 39

1RM

Answer 39

-measures strength

Question 40

interval training

Answer 40

- work to rest ratio | - low intensity = low rest

Question 41

other components of training

Answer 41

- speed - reps - variety

Question 42

overload principle

Answer 42

- Add stress to the system, system adapts to the stress - Adapts really well if it’s a little stress - Small increments - Adapt to the stress but not the stressor

Question 43

periodization of training principle

Answer 43

- prep period - competitive period - transition period

Question 44

resistance training: station training

Answer 44

for kids or elders

Question 45

cardiorespiratory training: endurance

Answer 45

- Continuous or SLD training - No breaks - Enhanced aerobic capacity

Question 46

Fartlek

Answer 46

- Speed play - Introducing variable running during your long run - Fast, slow, faster, slower - Recover the best during active rest

Question 47

repetition training

Answer 47

high intensity, low rest

Question 48

combo training

Answer 48

-Stimulate both muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness

Question 49

kinematics vs kinetics

Answer 49

``` kinematics = the movement kinetics = what causes the movement ```

Question 50

Magnus effect

Answer 50

net difference in pressure on opposite sides of a rotating body generates a force that changes the direction of it's flight path