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Kines > Exam 2 (review version) > Flashcards

Exam 2 (review version) Flashcards

1
Q

Quantitative Biomechanics

A
  • forces
  • EMGs
  • 3d movements of body segments
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2
Q

Qualitative

A
  • Professionals, not scientists
  • Coaches, speech therapists, trainers, etc.
  • Visual assessment
  • Observing, subjecting, making judgement
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3
Q

Kinematics

A
  • Spatial and timing characteristics
  • Time
  • Displacement
  • Angular displacement
  • Velocity
  • Angular velocity
  • Acceleration
  • Angular acceleration
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4
Q

Particle Model

A

-dot model representing center of mass

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5
Q

Stick Figure Model

A

-body configuration in 2d

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6
Q

Rigid Segment Body Model

A

-3d Volume

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7
Q

Steps for analysis

A
  • identify the system
  • frame of reference
  • identify type of motion-body planes
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8
Q

Types of motion

A
  • linear
  • angular
  • general
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9
Q

Causes of motion

A

-external forces and internal forces

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10
Q

Moment of force

A

moment arm * force

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11
Q

First class levers

A

-effort and load on opposite sides

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12
Q

Second class levers

A
  • 2 on same side

- load closer to axis

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13
Q

Third class levers

A
  • 2 on same side

- effort closer to axis

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14
Q

Newton’s 1st law

A

-object at rest remains at rest, object in motion remains in motion

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15
Q

Newton’s 2nd law

A

-the acceleration of an object is dependent upon two variables - the net force acting upon the object and the mass of the object

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16
Q

Newton’s 3rd law

A

-for every action (force) in nature there is an equal and opposite reaction

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17
Q

Closed loop control

A

-utilizing feedback during the response to error correct

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18
Q

Action potential

A

-the change in electrical potential associated with the passage of an impulse along the membrane of a muscle cell or nerve cell

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19
Q

Reaction time

A

-Time difference between stimulus and response initiation

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20
Q

Movement intelligence

A
  • Aggregate and vast repertoire of movements developed since birth
  • We draw upon it to create a response
  • Skills continually being enhanced, revised, and adapted through experiences
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21
Q

Motor programs

A

-Movement plans that are stored in our memory when we learn a new skill

22
Q

Generalized motor program

A
  • Consists of a stored pattern of movements
  • An alternate to the simple motor program
  • Abstract
  • Parameters: Specify things as order of events or subunits
  • Same memory that represents a class of responses: Big bob, medium bob, little bob
23
Q

Factors affecting movement intelligence

A

-Adequate stimulation at an early age
-Opportunities to practice
-Continuous encouragement
Inheritance of abilities

24
Q

Movement abilities

A
  • Are inherited, enduring, and stable traits that serve as the foundation for the development of motor programs
  • Hockey player and scholar have different abilities
25
Q

All around athlete

A
  • possible

- we can improve our motor abilities

26
Q

3 Features of skills

A
  • Max certainty
  • Min energy
  • Min time
  • efficiency
27
Q

Hierarchical organization

A

-Executive motor program with 3 subroutines, each subroutine has a subroutine and those have subroutines which produce the response

28
Q

Serial nature of skills

A

-Subroutines must follow a particular sequence in order for the executive program to be effectively carried out

29
Q

Closed skills

A
  • Under open loop control

- Teach with repetition

30
Q

Open skills

A
  • Under closed loop control

- Teach with variability

31
Q

Closed skill synonyms

A 
closed environment (predictable)
open loop
32
Q

open skill synonyms

A 
open environment (less predictable)
closed loop
33
Q

muscular strength

A
  • Measured as a max value
  • Strength = force
  • F = m*a
  • W = F x D
34
Q

power

A
  • The ability to overcome external resistance at high rate of muscular contraction
  • Dependent on muscular strength
35
Q

muscular endurance

A

-Ability of a muscle or muscle group to sustain a given level of force (static exercise) or to contract and relax (dynamic exercise)

36
Q

cardiorespiratory endurance

A
  • VO2max

- Absolute VO2max

37
Q

physical fitness

A

ability to carry out tasks without undue fatigue

38
Q

physical activity

A

any movement of the body that requires energy expenditure

39
Q

1RM

A

-measures strength

40
Q

interval training

A
  • work to rest ratio

- low intensity = low rest

41
Q

other components of training

A
  • speed
  • reps
  • variety
42
Q

overload principle

A
  • Add stress to the system, system adapts to the stress
  • Adapts really well if it’s a little stress
  • Small increments
  • Adapt to the stress but not the stressor
43
Q

periodization of training principle

A
  • prep period
  • competitive period
  • transition period
44
Q

resistance training: station training

A

for kids or elders

45
Q

cardiorespiratory training: endurance

A
  • Continuous or SLD training
  • No breaks
  • Enhanced aerobic capacity
46
Q

Fartlek

A
  • Speed play
  • Introducing variable running during your long run
  • Fast, slow, faster, slower
  • Recover the best during active rest
47
Q

repetition training

A

high intensity, low rest

48
Q

combo training

A

-Stimulate both muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness

49
Q

kinematics vs kinetics

A 
kinematics = the movement
kinetics = what causes the movement
50
Q

Magnus effect

A

net difference in pressure on opposite sides of a rotating body generates a force that changes the direction of it’s flight path

Kines (3 decks)

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