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Kines > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

components of training

A
  • exercise speed
  • number of reps
  • variety of exercise
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2
Q

overload principle

A
  • muscle will adapt
  • overload will then become normal load
  • progressive resistance
  • gradual load increase
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3
Q

reversibility principle

A
  • implies the avoidance of long interruptions in the training process
  • interruptions can have negative impacts (reversibility)
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4
Q

specificity of exercise principle

A
  • the response to exercise is specific to the nature of type and exercise performed
  • applies the specificity of strength, muscular, and cardiorespiratory motor patterns
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5
Q

resistance training - station training

A
  • station training is the completion of all the sets of one exercise before moving to the next one
  • the optimal training stimulus for strength is moderate to high intensity
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6
Q

resistance training - circuit training

A

-allows an individual to combine specific exercises to achieve specific fitness goals

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7
Q

cardiorespiratory training - endurance

A
  • continuous or SLD training
  • 40 - 60% maximal performance over long distance
  • no breaks
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8
Q

cardio training - fartlek

A
  • combines slow long distance training, pace/tempo training, and interval training
  • used by runners in prep season
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9
Q

cardio - interval

A
  • extensive interval

- intensive interval

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10
Q

repetition training

A
  • maximum intensity levels
  • used in final preps for competition
  • long recover periods
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11
Q

combination training

A

-stimulate both muscular and cardio fitness

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12
Q

combo circuit training

A

can include machines and running laps

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13
Q

cross training

A
  • aerobic cross training
  • muscular endurance cross training
  • activity cross training
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14
Q

physical fitness

A
  • the ability of the body to adjust to the demands and stresses of physical effort
  • thought to be a measure of one’s health
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15
Q

physical activity

A

any movement carried out by the skeletal muscles requiring energy

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16
Q

exercise

A

a subset of physical activities that are planned, structured, and designed to improve or maintain physical fitness

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17
Q

power

A

-the ability to overcome external resistance at a high rate of muscular contraction

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18
Q

muscular endurance

A

the ability of a muscle or muscle group to sustain a given level of force (static exercise) or to contract and relax (dynamic exercise)

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19
Q

muscular strength

A
  • measured as a maximal value
  • the ability of a muscle or muscle group to exert force against a resistance
  • strength = force
  • F = m x a
  • W = F x D
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20
Q

cardiorespiratory endurance

A
  • involves both heart and lungs
  • provides oxygen to tissues
  • VO2max
  • absolute VO2max
  • relative VO2max
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21
Q

VO2max

A
  • when oxygen consumption has reached a plateau or a maximal level
  • larger individuals have larger VO2max
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22
Q

absolute VO2max

A
  • a volume per unit time

- related to mass

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23
Q

relative VO2max

A

ml/kg/min

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24
Q

flexibility

A
  • the ability of a joint to move through its full range of motion
  • determined by joint structure
  • connective tissue
  • active and passive
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25
Q

active flexibility

A

-range of movement generated by the individual effort

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26
Q

passive flexibility

A

the range of movement achieved with the help of external forces

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27
Q

static stretching

A

holding a fully stretched position

-ex: split

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28
Q

dynamic stretching

A
  • rapidly moving a joint through its full range of motion

- ex: baseball pitcher

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29
Q

prestretch

A
  1. active stretching phase
  2. pretension phase
  3. passive stretching phase
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30
Q

training components

A
  • training time
  • training frequency
  • training volume
  • training intensity
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31
Q

1RM

A
  • maximal performance in one rep

- strength

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32
Q

work-to-rest ratio

A
  • relationship between phases of work and rest during training
  • low intensity = low rest
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33
Q

warm up

A
  • raise body temp
  • increase range of movement
  • increase CNS activity
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34
Q

generalized motor program

A

-consists of a stored pattern of movements

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35
Q

factors affecting movement intelligence

A
  • adequate stimulation at an early age
  • opportunities to practice
  • continuous encouragement
  • inheritance of abilities
36
Q

all around athlete

A
  • no such thing

- different athletics require different skills

37
Q

skill as a task

A

an action or task that require voluntary body and/or limb movement to achieve a goal

38
Q

skill as a quality of performance

A

the ability to bring about some end result with maximum certainty and minimum outlay of energy, or of time and energy

39
Q

serial nature of skills

A

subroutines must follow a particular sequence in order for the executive program to be effectively carried out

40
Q

closed skills

A
  • correspondingly performed under constant, relatively unchanging conditions, so the movement itself is often the goal of the skills
  • occur in an unchanging environment
41
Q

open skills

A
  • in open environments which are continually changing
  • unpredictable
  • uncertainties
42
Q

teaching strategy for closed skills

A

repetition

43
Q

teaching strategy for open skill

A

practice variability

44
Q

motor intelligence

A

an aggregated and vast repertoire of movement experiences developed since birth

45
Q

are skills traits?

A

no because they change

46
Q

motor programs

A
  • movement plans that are stored in our memory when we learn a new skill
  • a set of restructured muscle commands that will carry out the skill mandatory for
47
Q

generalized motor program

A
  • memory is relationship responses that fall in the same class
  • consist of a stored pattern of movements
48
Q

parameters

A

specify things as order of events or subunits

49
Q

fractal

A

same thing repeated on different levels

50
Q

factors affecting movement intelligence

A
  • adequate stimulation at an early age
  • opportunities to practice-right and left handed
  • contunuous encouragement
51
Q

movement abilities

A
  • inherited, enduring, and stable traits
  • serve as the foundation for the development of motor programs
  • 26 abilities
  • don’t have the same abilities for the same tasks
52
Q

reaction time

A

-time difference between stimulus and reaction

53
Q

movement rate

A

-how fast you can move

54
Q

balance

A

-static and active balance

55
Q

motor traits

A
  • reaction time is a trait

- cannot change it

56
Q

movement intelligence

A
  • an aggregate and vast repertoire of movement experiences developed since birth
  • skills continually being enhanced, revised, and adapted through experiences
57
Q

open loop control system

A
  • not utilizing feedback to control the response
  • use feedback after to error correct your next response
  • a movement begins without the influence of peripheral feedback
  • advantage: movements are fast and forceful with little attention needed
  • disadvantage: not effective in unstable and less predictable environments
58
Q

closed loop control system

A
  • movements may be planned and adjusted by feedback even during the movement
  • utilizing feedback to control the response
  • adjust to surroundings
  • advantage: allows us to perform unpracticed actions and offers adaptability to movement
  • disadvantage: do not control rapid, discrete actions
59
Q

arousal

A
  • a state not a trait
  • changes moment to moment
  • noise in your system
60
Q

simple info processing model

A
  • input
  • the human
  • output
61
Q

receptor –> CNS executive –> PNS effector

A
  • first identify what’s in the environment
  • then respond to it
  • proprioceptive feedback
  • exteroceptive feedback
62
Q

CNS

A

the stages of info procession

63
Q

PNS

A

the motor program and motor system

64
Q

receptor

A

sensory input

65
Q

acceleration

A

rate of change in velocity

66
Q

angular acceleration

A

rate of change in angular velocity

67
Q

steps of analysis for models

A
  • identify the system
  • frame of reference
  • identify type of motion
68
Q

linear motion

A
  • all parts of body in same direction at same time
  • forces are applied through the center of mass
  • running
69
Q

angular motion

A
  • body moves in a circular path

- forces are applied away from the center of mass

70
Q

general motion

A

wrestling

71
Q

moment force

A

moment of force = moment arm * force

-moment = torque

72
Q

first class levers

A
  • teeter totter

- effort and load on opposite sides of axis

73
Q

second class levers

A
  • flexing and pointing your foot

- load and effort on one side of axis with load closer to axis

74
Q

third class levers

A
  • flexion and extension of arm

- load and effort on same side but effort is closer to axis

75
Q

afferent neurons

A
  • carry signals to the brain or spinal cord

- sensory neurons

76
Q

efferent neurons

A
  • carry signals from the brain or spinal cord

- motor neurons

77
Q

interneurons

A

originate or terminate in the brain or spinal cord

78
Q

dendrites

A
  • in neuron

- branch like fibers that serve as the centers for stimuli by receiving messages

79
Q

cell body

A
  • in neuron

- houses the nucleus

80
Q

axon

A
  • in neuron

- single extension from the cell body that functions to transmit and carry messages to the terminal endings

81
Q

terminal endings

A
  • in neuron
  • thousands
  • on the dendrites
82
Q

myelin sheath

A
  • in neuron

- fatty covering on the axon that acts as an insulator to keep current from leaking

83
Q

nodes of ranvier

A
  • in neuron

- gaps in the myelin sheath

84
Q

neuron’s function

A
  • receptive segment
  • conductive segment
  • transmissive segment
85
Q

action potential

A

sodium in potassium out

Kines (3 decks)

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