Exam 2 review sheet Flashcards
p-waves
can move through both solid and liquids and are the fastest moving.
s-waves
can travel through solids and are the second waves to show up.
surface waves
are on the outer layer of the earth and are responsible for the damage.
epicenter
epicenter is the point that is located directly above the focus point and the epicenter is on the surface.
focus
the point directly down from the epicenter located in the earths crust on the surface. The closer the focus is to the surface the more damage will be done on the surface.
angular uncomformity
an erosional surface between folded or titled rocks below and parallel rock layers above.
disconformity
an erosional or non-depositional boundary separating layers of sedimentary rock.
nonconformity
an erosional boundary between igneous or metamorphic rocks below and sedimentary rock units above.
parent isotopes
spontaneously decays to a stable isotope known as the daughter.
half-life
the time it takes for half of the parent isotopes to decay to the daughter.
t chart for half lives
Every time take half of the parent and give it to the daughter and keep adding and subtracting respectively.
top layer of soil
O – organic material overlying mineral matter.
second to the top layer of soil
A – accumulation of humus mixed in with mineral matter.
texture triangle for soils
All three numbers equal 100.
humus
ldecomposition of pant and animal minerals.
drumlin
elongated hills shown by concentric contour lines, are helpful in determining the direction of ice flow in a continental glacier.
esker
form as a ridge of glacial material deposited as meltwater flowed beneath a glacier sinuous (s-shaped) pattern.
horn
A mountain peak that has been left as the result of glacial erosion and typ8icay represents a high elevation within the map area.
hanging valley
Occurs where a smaller alpine glacier had fed into a larger glacier much like a small stream into a river.
u shape valley
with steep sides and a flat interior is shown on a topographic map[ by parallel contour lines that are widely spaced in the middle and closely spaced on the side.
cutbanks
form on the outer bank of a bend in the river.
point bars
form on the inner bank of a bend in the river.
meander
a river that has a winding and sinuous course, form when the stream gradients are low.
slope calculation
rise / run
describe what a flood plain looks like on a map
It is in a valley in between to hills or mountains, it is flat with a river flowing through the middle that is flowing is an s shaped flow, it is very wet and fertile.
calculating runoff
acres (200) x precipitation (acre per feet) (0.5) = 100 AF
100 AF x 0.2 = 20 AF
20 AF x 43560 ft3 / AF = 871,200 ft3
calculation for depth
Depth = (Time * V) / 2
active margin
occurs along the edges of continents where plate tectonic motion is typically manifested as a convergent boundary.
passive margins
is just chilling doesn’t do anything.
deep ocean trench
(a narrow valley that runs parallel to the volcanic activity produced by subduction as the oceanic lithosphere converges with continental lithosphere)
abyssal plain
plain (a flat region of the ocean floor, usually at the base of a continental rise, where slope is less than 1:1000)
continental slope
(regions of steeply sloping seafloor that lie between continental shelves and the deep ocean basins)
continental rise
(a low-relief zone of accumulated sediments that lies between the continental slope and the abyssal plain)
shelf break
(submerged offshore edge of a shallow continental shelf, where the seafloor transitions to continental slope)
wave base
1/2 of wave length
