Exam 2 review sheet

Question 1

p-waves

Answer 1

can move through both solid and liquids and are the fastest moving.

Question 2

s-waves

Answer 2

can travel through solids and are the second waves to show up.

Question 3

surface waves

Answer 3

are on the outer layer of the earth and are responsible for the damage.

Question 4

epicenter

Answer 4

epicenter is the point that is located directly above the focus point and the epicenter is on the surface.

Question 5

focus

Answer 5

the point directly down from the epicenter located in the earths crust on the surface. The closer the focus is to the surface the more damage will be done on the surface.

Question 6

angular uncomformity

Answer 6

an erosional surface between folded or titled rocks below and parallel rock layers above.

Question 7

disconformity

Answer 7

an erosional or non-depositional boundary separating layers of sedimentary rock.

Question 8

nonconformity

Answer 8

an erosional boundary between igneous or metamorphic rocks below and sedimentary rock units above.

Question 9

parent isotopes

Answer 9

spontaneously decays to a stable isotope known as the daughter.

Question 10

half-life

Answer 10

the time it takes for half of the parent isotopes to decay to the daughter.

Question 11

t chart for half lives

Answer 11

Every time take half of the parent and give it to the daughter and keep adding and subtracting respectively.

Question 12

top layer of soil

Answer 12

O – organic material overlying mineral matter.

Question 13

second to the top layer of soil

Answer 13

A – accumulation of humus mixed in with mineral matter.

Question 14

texture triangle for soils

Answer 14

All three numbers equal 100.

Question 15

humus

Answer 15

ldecomposition of pant and animal minerals.

Question 16

drumlin

Answer 16

elongated hills shown by concentric contour lines, are helpful in determining the direction of ice flow in a continental glacier.

Question 17

esker

Answer 17

form as a ridge of glacial material deposited as meltwater flowed beneath a glacier sinuous (s-shaped) pattern.

Question 18

horn

Answer 18

A mountain peak that has been left as the result of glacial erosion and typ8icay represents a high elevation within the map area.

Question 19

hanging valley

Answer 19

Occurs where a smaller alpine glacier had fed into a larger glacier much like a small stream into a river.

Question 20

u shape valley

Answer 20

with steep sides and a flat interior is shown on a topographic map[ by parallel contour lines that are widely spaced in the middle and closely spaced on the side.

Question 21

cutbanks

Answer 21

form on the outer bank of a bend in the river.

Question 22

point bars

Answer 22

form on the inner bank of a bend in the river.

Question 23

meander

Answer 23

a river that has a winding and sinuous course, form when the stream gradients are low.

Question 24

slope calculation

Answer 24

rise / run

Question 25

describe what a flood plain looks like on a map

Answer 25

It is in a valley in between to hills or mountains, it is flat with a river flowing through the middle that is flowing is an s shaped flow, it is very wet and fertile.

Question 26

calculating runoff

Answer 26

acres (200) x precipitation (acre per feet) (0.5) = 100 AF

100 AF x 0.2 = 20 AF

20 AF x 43560 ft3 / AF = 871,200 ft3

Question 27

calculation for depth

Answer 27

Depth = (Time * V) / 2

Question 28

active margin

Answer 28

occurs along the edges of continents where plate tectonic motion is typically manifested as a convergent boundary.

Question 29

passive margins

Answer 29

is just chilling doesn’t do anything.

Question 30

deep ocean trench

Answer 30

(a narrow valley that runs parallel to the volcanic activity produced by subduction as the oceanic lithosphere converges with continental lithosphere)

Question 31

abyssal plain

Answer 31

plain (a flat region of the ocean floor, usually at the base of a continental rise, where slope is less than 1:1000)

Question 32

continental slope

Answer 32

(regions of steeply sloping seafloor that lie between continental shelves and the deep ocean basins)

Question 33

continental rise

Answer 33

(a low-relief zone of accumulated sediments that lies between the continental slope and the abyssal plain)

Question 34

shelf break

Answer 34

(submerged offshore edge of a shallow continental shelf, where the seafloor transitions to continental slope)

Question 35

wave base

Answer 35

1/2 of wave length