Exam 1 review pdf Flashcards
Lines that measure latitude on the globe are called?
parallels
Lines that measure longitude on the globe are called?
meridians
Contour lines intersect.
false
A contour is a line connecting points of
equal elevation
what is representative fraction?
1:10,000 (the scale of the map)
Would a map of Missouri be large scale map compared to a map of Maryville.
no
cleavage
the tendency of a mineral to break along a pre existing plane of weakness
luster
the way a mineral surface reflects light
hardness
the resistance of a mineral to abrasion
color/streak
the color of a mineral/ the color of powdered mineral
fracture
the surface characteristic when a mineral breaks and displays no cleavage
specific gravity
the mass of a mineral relative to the mass of an equal volume of water
diaphaneity
the ability of a thin slice of mineral relative to the mass of an equal volume of water
special properties
taste, smell, magnetism, chemical reactions, radioactivity
5 things that define a mineral
1) naturally occurring, 2) inorganic, 3) solid at room temperature, 4) regular crystal structure, and 5) defined chemical composition
Mohs hardness scale is 1 the hardest or softest
softest
non metallic versus metallic minerals
metallic minerals are usually magnetic
Phosphorous is used to increase the fertility of the soil, what mineral might be added to increase phosphorous levels?
apatite
silicate minerals
biotite, plagioclase, olivine, kaolinite
Which mineral is used as pencil “lead”, even though the mineral contains no lead?
graphite
Which mineral is used as table salt?
halite
viscosity and its relation to lava
Higher-viscosity lava is thick and sticky; lower-viscosity lava moves more like a liquid, or a “river of fire.”
The slope of a volcano can be determined using the difference in elevation divided by the distance.
true
Shield volcanoes have steep slopes than composite cones.
false
Determine the slope of a volcano in meters per kilometer, to the nearest whole number, given the following information:
Summit elevation = 1412 m
Base elevation = 805 m
Distance between summit and base = 6.0 kilometers
101 m/km
Determine the slope of a volcano in meters per kilometer, to the nearest whole number, given the following information:
Summit elevation = 3457 m
Base elevation = 629 m
Distance between summit and base = 6.2 kilometers
456 m/km
Shield volcanoes are larger than composite volcanoes.
true
Composite volcanoes are steeper than shield volcanoes.
true
Composite volcanoes have low viscosity magma.
false
Which of the following forms of volcano is characterized by gentle slopes?
shield cone
which volcano type is more explosive composite or shield cone?
composite
detrital sedimentary rock
form from the lithification of bits and pieces of former rocks.
chemical sedimentary rock
form from the dissolution of minerals, followed by the precipitation of minerals out of solution.
organic sedimentary rock
form from the accumulation of organic materials.
grain sizes
coarse largest, medium 2nd largest, fine small, very fine smallest
what is the parent rock to quartzite?
slate
schist
gneiss
marble
quartzite
anthracite
marble
foliated
the minerals are aligned so the rock appears layered or banded
non-foliated
no layering or banding, so that the rock is more homogenous
concept of increasing metamorphism with added heat and pressure
as the temperature and pressure applied to a rock increases, the degree of metamorphism (transformation into a new rock type) also increases, resulting in the formation of higher-grade metamorphic rocks with different mineral compositions and textures, typically occurring deep within the Earth’s crust where conditions are more extreme; essentially, the more heat and pressure, the more significantly the rock will be metamorphosed
three agents of metamorphism
temperature, pressure, and chemical fluids
