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general earth science lab > Exam 1 review pdf > Flashcards

Exam 1 review pdf Flashcards

1
Q

Lines that measure latitude on the globe are called?

A

parallels

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2
Q

Lines that measure longitude on the globe are called?

A

meridians

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3
Q

Contour lines intersect.

A

false

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4
Q

A contour is a line connecting points of

A

equal elevation

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5
Q

what is representative fraction?

A

1:10,000 (the scale of the map)

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6
Q

Would a map of Missouri be large scale map compared to a map of Maryville.

A

no

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7
Q

cleavage

A

the tendency of a mineral to break along a pre existing plane of weakness

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8
Q

luster

A

the way a mineral surface reflects light

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9
Q

hardness

A

the resistance of a mineral to abrasion

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10
Q

color/streak

A

the color of a mineral/ the color of powdered mineral

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11
Q

fracture

A

the surface characteristic when a mineral breaks and displays no cleavage

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12
Q

specific gravity

A

the mass of a mineral relative to the mass of an equal volume of water

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13
Q

diaphaneity

A

the ability of a thin slice of mineral relative to the mass of an equal volume of water

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14
Q

special properties

A

taste, smell, magnetism, chemical reactions, radioactivity

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15
Q

5 things that define a mineral

A

1) naturally occurring, 2) inorganic, 3) solid at room temperature, 4) regular crystal structure, and 5) defined chemical composition

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16
Q

Mohs hardness scale is 1 the hardest or softest

A

softest

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17
Q

non metallic versus metallic minerals

A

metallic minerals are usually magnetic

18
Q

Phosphorous is used to increase the fertility of the soil, what mineral might be added to increase phosphorous levels?

A

apatite

19
Q

silicate minerals

A

biotite, plagioclase, olivine, kaolinite

20
Q

Which mineral is used as pencil “lead”, even though the mineral contains no lead?

A

graphite

21
Q

Which mineral is used as table salt?

A

halite

22
Q

viscosity and its relation to lava

A

Higher-viscosity lava is thick and sticky; lower-viscosity lava moves more like a liquid, or a “river of fire.”

23
Q

The slope of a volcano can be determined using the difference in elevation divided by the distance.

A

true

24
Q

Shield volcanoes have steep slopes than composite cones.

A

false

25
Q

Determine the slope of a volcano in meters per kilometer, to the nearest whole number, given the following information:

Summit elevation = 1412 m

Base elevation = 805 m

Distance between summit and base = 6.0 kilometers

A

101 m/km

26
Q

Determine the slope of a volcano in meters per kilometer, to the nearest whole number, given the following information:

Summit elevation = 3457 m

Base elevation = 629 m

Distance between summit and base = 6.2 kilometers

A

456 m/km

27
Q

Shield volcanoes are larger than composite volcanoes.

A

true

28
Q

Composite volcanoes are steeper than shield volcanoes.

A

true

29
Q

Composite volcanoes have low viscosity magma.

A

false

30
Q

Which of the following forms of volcano is characterized by gentle slopes?

A

shield cone

31
Q

which volcano type is more explosive composite or shield cone?

A

composite

32
Q

detrital sedimentary rock

A

form from the lithification of bits and pieces of former rocks.

33
Q

chemical sedimentary rock

A

form from the dissolution of minerals, followed by the precipitation of minerals out of solution.

34
Q

organic sedimentary rock

A

form from the accumulation of organic materials.

35
Q

grain sizes

A

coarse largest, medium 2nd largest, fine small, very fine smallest

36
Q

what is the parent rock to quartzite?

slate
schist
gneiss
marble
quartzite
anthracite

A

marble

37
Q

foliated

A

the minerals are aligned so the rock appears layered or banded

38
Q

non-foliated

A

no layering or banding, so that the rock is more homogenous

39
Q

concept of increasing metamorphism with added heat and pressure

A

as the temperature and pressure applied to a rock increases, the degree of metamorphism (transformation into a new rock type) also increases, resulting in the formation of higher-grade metamorphic rocks with different mineral compositions and textures, typically occurring deep within the Earth’s crust where conditions are more extreme; essentially, the more heat and pressure, the more significantly the rock will be metamorphosed

40
Q

three agents of metamorphism

A

temperature, pressure, and chemical fluids

general earth science lab (5 decks)

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