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general earth science lab > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is contour interval?

A

The rate at which each contour line increases.

900ft to 950ft Bold line
4 non bold lines in between
= contour interval of 10ft

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2
Q

What is the elevation of the highest point of the hill if the last bold line is 1000ft there is one more line with a contour interval of 20 and the point lying right in the middle of the last line.

A

1030ft +/- 9ft

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3
Q

Are contour lines spaced further apart steeper or are closer contour lines steeper.

A

close lines

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4
Q

Calculate the difference in latitude between City A, located at 46º23’N, and City B, located at 17º53’N.

A

46º23’N - 17º53’N (must borrow a degree and rewrite)

45º83’N - 17º53’N = 28º30’

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5
Q

Based on this difference in latitude (previous question), calculate the north-south distance between City A and City B, in nautical miles.

Use the following conversions: 1º of latitude = 60 nautical miles

1’ of latitude = 1 nautical mile

A

28º x 60 n.m. per degree = 1,680 n.m.

30’ x 1 n.m. per minute = 30 n.m.

total: 1,680 n.m. + 30 n.m. = 1,710 n.m.

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6
Q

A map has a scale of 1:125,000. On the map, two mountains are 11.5 centimeters apart. How far apart are the two mountains, in kilometers?

Use the following conversion: 1 kilometer = 100,000 centimeters

A

11.5 cm x 125,000 = 1,437,500 cm

conversion to kilometers: 1,437,500 cm / 100,000 cm. per km. =

       14.375 km (approx. 14.4 km)
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7
Q

Which of the following maps would be considered the “large-scale” map, if they were all printed on the same size sheet of paper?

map of Maryville
world map
map of the united states
map of Missouri

A

map of Maryville

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8
Q

Which of the following representative fractions represents a “small-scale” map?

1:20,000
1:2,000
1:250,000
1:15,000

A

1:250,000

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9
Q

The latitude of 45°24’ N would appear as ________ in decimal form.

45.24°
45.4°
45.04°
- 45.4°

A

45.4

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10
Q

Longitude is the measurement of position east or west of the ___________.

Tropic of Cancer
Tropic of Capricorn
Prime Meridian
Equator

A

Prime Meridian

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11
Q

Lines that measure latitude on the globe are called?

Contours
Parallels
Equators
Perpendiculars

A

parallels

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12
Q

Lines that measure longitude on the globe are called?

Arcs
Contours
Latitudes
Meridians

A

Meridians

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13
Q

A contour is a line connecting points of

altitude
direction
interest
equal elevation

A

equal elevation

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14
Q

Contour lines intersect.

true or false

A

false

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15
Q

This mineral has three directions of cleavage not at 900 and reacts with hydrochloric acid.

Calcite
Fluorite
Plagioclase feldspar
Biotite

A

calcite

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16
Q

This mineral is dark brown in color and will break into thin sheets along 1 direction of cleavage.

Biotite
Quartz
Mica
Fluorite

A

Biotite

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17
Q

Metallic mineral that is magnetic and has a black streak.

Graphite
Sphalerite
Magnetitie
Biotite

A

Magnetite

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18
Q

Mineral sample that will scratch glass, has two directions of cleavage with striations on one of the two.

Quartz
Calcite
Plagioclase feldspar
Fluorite

A

plagioclase felspar

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19
Q

An iron bearing mineral that is commonly know as “fools gold.”

Graphite
Pyrite
Magnetite
Sphalerite

A

pyrite

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20
Q

The streak of this mineral is light yellow and smells like rotten eggs, but can be used as an economic mineral for zinc.

Plagioclase feldspar
Pyrite
Talc
Sphalerite

A

sphalerite

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21
Q

This mineral can occur in many different colors, scratches glass and may have 6-sided crystals

Quartz
Talc
Fluorite
Calcite

A

quartz

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22
Q

Phosphorous is used to increase the fertility of the soil, what mineral might be added to increase phosphorous levels?

kaolinite
plagioclase feldspar
orthoclase feldspar
apatite

A

apatite

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23
Q

What mineral property would you use to distinguish between hematite and limonite in a hand sample?

hardness
cleavage
color
streak color

A

streak color

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24
Q

Select all of the minerals that are silicates.

biotite
plagioclase
olivine
magnetite
kaolinite
calcite

A

biotite
plagioclase
olivine
kaolinite

25
Q

Which mineral has four cleavage planes and is found in colors ranging from clear to purple?

quartz
biotite
fluorite
magnetite

A

fluorite

26
Q

Which mineral is a nonmetallic mineral softer than the human fingernail?

pyrite
gypsum
quartz
magnetite

A

gypsum

27
Q

Which mineral effervesces (“fizzes”) in HCL acid?

muscovite
calcite
orthoclase
halite

A

calcite

28
Q

Which mineral is used as pencil “lead”, even though the mineral contains no lead?

hematite
graphite
galena
muscovite

A

graphite

29
Q

Name a mineral for which specific gravity, or density, is very high due to a high lead content.

biotite
pyrite
galena
magnetite

A

galena

30
Q

Which mineral is used as table salt?

calcite
halite
orthoclase
gypsum

A

halite

31
Q

Which of the following is a nonsilicate mineral?

all of the above
orthoclase
galena
muscovite
only A and B

A

galena

32
Q

Which of the following igneous rocks has a fine-grained texture?

granite
only A and B
all of the above
basalt
gabbro

A

basalt

33
Q

Fine grained igneous rocks are also extrusive.

True
False

A

true

34
Q

This igneous rock has a fine grained texture and mafic composition.

granite
andesite
basalt
gabbro

A

basalt

35
Q

The extrusive counterpart to granite is…..

basalt
rhyolite
andesite
scoria

A

rhyolite

36
Q

The slope of a volcano can be determined using the difference in elevation divided by the distance.

True
False

A

true

37
Q

Shield volcanoes have steep slopes than composite cones.

True
False

A

false

38
Q

The resistance of a fluid to flow is know as…….

resistivity
hydraulics
viscosity
fluid phase

A

viscosity

39
Q

Andesite is an example of an extrusive igneous rock.

True
False

A

true

40
Q

Rhyolite is an example of an intrusive igneous rock.

True
False

A

false

41
Q

Determine the slope of a volcano in meters per kilometer, to the nearest whole number, given the following information:

Summit elevation = 1412 m

Base elevation = 805 m

Distance between summit and base = 6.0 kilometers

101 m/km
10 m/km
110 m/km
100 m/km

A

101m/km

42
Q

Determine the slope of a volcano in meters per kilometer, to the nearest whole number, given the following information:

Summit elevation = 3457 m

Base elevation = 629 m

Distance between summit and base = 6.2 kilometers

456 m/km
645 m/km
465 m/km
500 m/km

A

456 m/km

43
Q

Shield volcanoes are larger than composite volcanoes.

True
False

A

true

44
Q

Composite volcanoes are steeper than shield volcanoes.

True
False

A

true

45
Q

Composite volcanoes have low viscosity magma.

True
False

A

false

46
Q

Which igneous rock texture is NOT common with extrusive rocks?

glassy
vesicular (“frothy”)
course-grained
fine-grained

A

coarse grained

47
Q

Which of the following forms of volcano is characterized by gentle slopes?

cinder cone
composite cone
shield cone
both A and B

A

shield cone

48
Q

Which igneous rock has a compact glassy texture?

pumice
rhyolite
obsidian
basalt

A

obsidian

49
Q

Which rock is an intrusive rock which contains an even mixture of light and dark minerals?

diorite
granite
basalt
gabbro

A

diorite

50
Q

Which metamorphic rock is nonfoliated and harder than glass?

Marble
Slate
Schist
Quartzite

A

quartzite

51
Q

What is a Sediment?

A

Sediment is a unconsolidated material produced by weathering and erosion or by chemical or biochemical precipitation.

52
Q

Name the rock that forms through the metamorphism of limestone.

chert
marble
schist
quartzite

A

marble

53
Q

Which of the following sedimentary rocks is composed of microcrystalline quartz?

chert
coal
limestone
chalk

A

chert

53
Q

What is the parent rock of marble?

Sandstone
Limestone
Shale
Granite

A

limestone

54
Q

The dominant mineral in chert is _______, which means that chert is hard enough to scratch glass.

A

quartz

54
Q

The presence of bituminous coal with plant fossils indicates which type of ancient sedimentary environment?

shallow lake
river
dry lake bed
swamp

A

swamp

55
Q

How are metamorphic rocks formed?

Pressure and Temperature

Biological Activity

Expansion and Deposition

Time and Exposure

A

pressure and temperature

56
Q

Name the three agents of metamorphism.

A

heat, pressure, chemically-active fluids

57
Q

A sedimentary rock is composed of rounded pieces of gravel that have been cemented together is known as ______________.

A

conglomerate

general earth science lab (5 decks)

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