exam 2 review

Question 1

proteins

Answer 1

proteins are the most abundant molecule, structure, enzymes, regulate chemical reactions, membrane transport.
denaturation is when a protein loses it shape and then becomes useless
protein shape is the most fact of proteins

Question 2

primary structure of a protein

Answer 2

sequence of amino acids, if changed, changes whole shape

Question 3

secondary structure of a protein

Answer 3

it shows the regular pattern of protein. hydrogen bonding

Question 4

tertiary structure of a protein

Answer 4

has a irregular pattern from hydrogen and other bonding it has the folds of the molecule

Question 5

quaternary structure of a protein

Answer 5

when two or more tertiary proteins combine. not all proteins do this.

Question 6

nucleic acid

Answer 6

nucleotides, are recipe for proteins, protein synthesis, and uses atp

Question 7

saturated fats vs. unsaturated

Answer 7

saturated is solid and unsaturated is a liquid and healthier.

Question 8

storage polysaccharides vs structure polysaccharides

Answer 8

storage is coiled and has branches, and uses or stores starch, glycogen. while structure is parted rows and used for exoskeleton and cell wall

Question 9

energy coupling

Answer 9

exergonic= catabolic/ Endergonic= anabolic

Question 10

endergonic

Answer 10

consumes energy

Question 11

exergonic

Answer 11

releases energy

Question 12

Free energy

Answer 12

energy that can be grabbed for work

Question 13

ATP

Answer 13

adenosine triphosphate, becomes adp+pi when one phosphate is lost when used as energy for cellular work.

Question 14

thermal dynamics

Answer 14

1st law is cant destroy energy and 2nd is every transfer causes more disorder

Question 15

enzymes

Answer 15

this improves the effiency of chemical reactions in the system. they also are proteins.

Question 16

activation energy

Answer 16

amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction

Question 17

active site

Answer 17

where substrate goes

Question 18

allosteric site

Answer 18

where non-competitive inhibitor goes.

Question 19

cofactor

Answer 19

fits inside active site with other thing

Question 20

competitive inhibitor

Answer 20

closes active site to stop production

Question 21

what gives cell membranes there selectively permeable qualities

Answer 21

phospholipids and proteins

Question 22

what molecules are allowed into cells and what ones are not

Answer 22

nonpolar small molecules are allowed in big polar are not

Question 23

vital forces

Answer 23

discontinued idea that all thought all life had a force that was replaced by the cell theory

Question 24

cell theory

Answer 24

the theory that all living things are made by cells

Question 25

active transport vs passive transport

Answer 25

active requires energy while passive happens automatically

Question 26

osmosis

Answer 26

remember that water goes towards salt

Question 27

concentration gradient

Answer 27

When solution is on solute

Question 28

Lysis

Answer 28

When the cell becomes flooded

Question 29

Crenation

Answer 29

When the cell dries out

Question 30

Plasmolysis

Answer 30

When a plant cell loses water

Question 31

Protein pump

Answer 31

A pump that allows resources to enter a cell that can't enter the semipermabley

Question 32

Hydrophobic

Answer 32

Hates water

Question 33

Hydrophilic

Answer 33

Loves water

Question 34

Diffusion

Answer 34

When a object spreads from high concentration to a Low concentration

Question 35

Osmosis

Answer 35

Only water diffusion

Question 36

Exocytosis

Answer 36

When cell contents of a vacuole are released when cell and vacuole membranes fuse

Question 37

Endocytosis

Answer 37

The way a vacuole is made

Question 38

Pinocytosis

Answer 38

The way liquid gets into a cell threw a small vesicles

Question 39

Phagocytosis

Answer 39

That when a bacteria chases a another bacteria and swallows it

Question 40

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 40

Diffusion using tunnels

Question 41

Robert hook

Answer 41

Came up with the word cell

Question 42

Theodore Schwann

Answer 42

Came up the idea that all living organisms are made of cells

Question 43

Rudolph Virchow

Answer 43

Cell theory

Question 44

Prokaryotic vs eukaryotic

Answer 44

Eukaryotic has nucleus while prokaryotic have nucleocous

Question 45

Cytoplasm vs cytosol

Answer 45

Cytoplasm is everything and cytosol is just the liquid in the cytoplasm

Question 46

Plant cell vs animal

Answer 46

Cell wall and chloroplast vs membrane

Question 47

Appendages on prokaryotic

Answer 47

Capsule flagellum and pili

Question 48

Golgi apparatus

Answer 48

Pancake, cis= in and trans= out

Question 49

Free vs bound ribosomes

Answer 49

Free outside cell while bound inside. Free makes proteins for cell use while bound goes somewhere else

Question 50

Semiautonomous

Answer 50

The theory that mitochondria or chloroplast entered a cell and reproduced

Question 51

Amyloplast

Answer 51

Starch storage

Question 52

Perixosome

Answer 52

Lysosomes that breaks down amino acids

Question 53

Lysosomes

Answer 53

Digest nutrients, very strong, recycles dead molecules. Has enzymes

Question 54

Mitochondria

Answer 54

Used for cell respiration

Question 55

Chromoplast

Answer 55

Different color than chloroplast

Question 56

Hypotonic

Answer 56

Water goes into cell