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Exploring biology. college > exam 2 review > Flashcards

exam 2 review Flashcards

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1
Q

proteins

A

proteins are the most abundant molecule, structure, enzymes, regulate chemical reactions, membrane transport.
denaturation is when a protein loses it shape and then becomes useless
protein shape is the most fact of proteins

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2
Q

primary structure of a protein

A

sequence of amino acids, if changed, changes whole shape

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3
Q

secondary structure of a protein

A

it shows the regular pattern of protein. hydrogen bonding

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4
Q

tertiary structure of a protein

A

has a irregular pattern from hydrogen and other bonding it has the folds of the molecule

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5
Q

quaternary structure of a protein

A

when two or more tertiary proteins combine. not all proteins do this.

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6
Q

nucleic acid

A

nucleotides, are recipe for proteins, protein synthesis, and uses atp

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7
Q

saturated fats vs. unsaturated

A

saturated is solid and unsaturated is a liquid and healthier.

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8
Q

storage polysaccharides vs structure polysaccharides

A

storage is coiled and has branches, and uses or stores starch, glycogen. while structure is parted rows and used for exoskeleton and cell wall

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9
Q

energy coupling

A

exergonic= catabolic/ Endergonic= anabolic

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10
Q

endergonic

A

consumes energy

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11
Q

exergonic

A

releases energy

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12
Q

Free energy

A

energy that can be grabbed for work

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13
Q

ATP

A

adenosine triphosphate, becomes adp+pi when one phosphate is lost when used as energy for cellular work.

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14
Q

thermal dynamics

A

1st law is cant destroy energy and 2nd is every transfer causes more disorder

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15
Q

enzymes

A

this improves the effiency of chemical reactions in the system. they also are proteins.

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16
Q

activation energy

A

amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction

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17
Q

active site

A

where substrate goes

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18
Q

allosteric site

A

where non-competitive inhibitor goes.

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19
Q

cofactor

A

fits inside active site with other thing

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20
Q

competitive inhibitor

A

closes active site to stop production

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21
Q

what gives cell membranes there selectively permeable qualities

A

phospholipids and proteins

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22
Q

what molecules are allowed into cells and what ones are not

A

nonpolar small molecules are allowed in big polar are not

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23
Q

vital forces

A

discontinued idea that all thought all life had a force that was replaced by the cell theory

24
Q

cell theory

A

the theory that all living things are made by cells

25
Q

active transport vs passive transport

A

active requires energy while passive happens automatically

26
Q

osmosis

A

remember that water goes towards salt

27
Q

concentration gradient

A

When solution is on solute

28
Q

Lysis

A

When the cell becomes flooded

29
Q

Crenation

A

When the cell dries out

30
Q

Plasmolysis

A

When a plant cell loses water

31
Q

Protein pump

A

A pump that allows resources to enter a cell that can’t enter the semipermabley

32
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Hates water

33
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Loves water

34
Q

Diffusion

A

When a object spreads from high concentration to a Low concentration

35
Q

Osmosis

A

Only water diffusion

36
Q

Exocytosis

A

When cell contents of a vacuole are released when cell and vacuole membranes fuse

37
Q

Endocytosis

A

The way a vacuole is made

38
Q

Pinocytosis

A

The way liquid gets into a cell threw a small vesicles

39
Q

Phagocytosis

A

That when a bacteria chases a another bacteria and swallows it

40
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Diffusion using tunnels

41
Q

Robert hook

A

Came up with the word cell

42
Q

Theodore Schwann

A

Came up the idea that all living organisms are made of cells

43
Q

Rudolph Virchow

A

Cell theory

44
Q

Prokaryotic vs eukaryotic

A

Eukaryotic has nucleus while prokaryotic have nucleocous

45
Q

Cytoplasm vs cytosol

A

Cytoplasm is everything and cytosol is just the liquid in the cytoplasm

46
Q

Plant cell vs animal

A

Cell wall and chloroplast vs membrane

47
Q

Appendages on prokaryotic

A

Capsule flagellum and pili

48
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Pancake, cis= in and trans= out

49
Q

Free vs bound ribosomes

A

Free outside cell while bound inside. Free makes proteins for cell use while bound goes somewhere else

50
Q

Semiautonomous

A

The theory that mitochondria or chloroplast entered a cell and reproduced

51
Q

Amyloplast

A

Starch storage

52
Q

Perixosome

A

Lysosomes that breaks down amino acids

53
Q

Lysosomes

A

Digest nutrients, very strong, recycles dead molecules. Has enzymes

54
Q

Mitochondria

A

Used for cell respiration

55
Q

Chromoplast

A

Different color than chloroplast

56
Q

Hypotonic

A

Water goes into cell

Exploring biology. college (4 decks)

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