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Exploring biology. college > exam 1 review > Flashcards

exam 1 review Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the properties associated with life?

A

Reproduction, growth and development, energy utilization. responses to the environment, homeostasis, adaptation

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2
Q

Describe the levels of organization including emergent properties.

A

Population- all members in a species in a specific area.
community- all population in a specific area
ecosystem- community plus abiotic factors
biome- ecosystem characteristics across a broad geographic region
- rainforest, desert, tundra
Biosphere- all environments on earth that support life.
emergent properties- properties that are only observed when compounds are combined. ex. na+cl= salt

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3
Q

What are the three domains of life? How are they related to prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?

A

bacteria, archaea, eukarya
bacteria- most diverse and widespread prokaryotes(single celled organism
archaea- live in extreme environments, also prokaryotes
eukarya- eukaryotes (multiple celled organism)

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4
Q

What is the general scheme by which we classify life?

A

kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, order, family, genus, species

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5
Q

What is science?

A

A process that uses a systematic observation and experimentation to study the physical and the natural world

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6
Q

Describe induction reasoning

A

induction- determining the rule. learning the rule after numerous examples, cannot guarantee the conclusion
ex. my grass has been wet every time it rains. the next time it rains my grass will be wet.

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7
Q

abductive reasoning

A

using a rule and effect to determine the cause

ex. rain causes wetness. the grass is wet, it must have rained

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8
Q

deductive reasoning

A

ex. Every day, I leave for work in my car at eight o’clock. Every day, the drive to work takes 45 minutes I arrive to work on time. Therefore, if I leave for work at eight o’clock today, I will be on time. reasoning from cause to effect. logical

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9
Q

Evolution is considered to be a unifying theory in biology. What does that mean?

A

it combines geology, molecular genetics, comparative anatomy, embryology, physics, behavioral biology together. in other words it ties all the different kinds of science together.

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10
Q

Of how broad it is and how deep it is compare to evidence for other scientific theories? How does the evidence for evolutionary theory in terms

A

it has been the most studied. and is the framework for all field work. by far the most studied. and has the most evidence.

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11
Q

selection pressure

A

any factor that gives member of population a reproductive advantage over another member of a population

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12
Q

artificial selection

A

When a outside force controls reproduction of animals. such as dogs/livestock

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13
Q

how is evolution related to agriculture

A

it allows us to manipulate the genes of livestock to make the animals more meaty bigger and make chickens make more eggs.

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14
Q

how is evolution related to medicine

A

it allows us to understand illnesses too a better level.
ex. improving vaccine strategies
bacterial antibiotic resistance

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15
Q

scientific theory

A

sets of verified hypothesis laws and facts about empirical world.

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16
Q

hypothesis

A

a testable explanation/ supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation

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17
Q

Hypothetical-deductive model

A
  1. identify the hypothesis that’s to be tested
    2 generate predictions from the hypothesis
    3 use experiments to confirm predictions
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18
Q

theories

A

sets of verified hypothesis, laws and facts about the empirical world

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19
Q

the world

A

objects, processes and properties of the real world form the subject matter of theories

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20
Q

prediction

A

theories are useful to make predictions about the world. predictions of the pas/future

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21
Q

data/datum(singular)

A

information gathered from empirical observations or experiments. data provide the evidence to test theories

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22
Q

what molecules make up 96% of a living organisms body

A

carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen

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23
Q

what is a trace element

A

elements needed to survive but In really small amounts. ex iodine for thyroid

24
Q

what is the source of oxygen

A

photosynthesis

25
Q

source of nitrogen

A

microorganisms convert nitrogen in are body while plants uptake it. death of animals and urine. fixation

26
Q

source of carbon

A

all living matter is carbon

27
Q

source of water

A

oxygen and hydrogen

28
Q

what process acts as a source of oxygen and organic carbon

A

photosynthesis

29
Q

what is the general structure of atoms

A

protons neutrons electrons nucleus and cytoplasm valance shells

30
Q

what are the charges of protons neutrons and electrons and what happens if you change them

A 
proton= positive and if changed different element
neutron= neutral and changes isotope and makes it radioactive
electrons= negative they are added to different elements/atoms
31
Q

define valance shell

A

are in 3 shells where electrons are. farther out more energy and if valance shell is filled it is unreactive or noble

32
Q

proton how can you tell how many. same as neutron and electron? how can you tell?

A

atomic number and neutron is generally the same as proton and electrons you can tell because first valance shell has two and the other can hold 8

33
Q

what subatiomic particles make chemical reacitons

A

Electrons

34
Q

what is a isotope

A

elements having the same number of isotopes but different number of neutrons

35
Q

what is bonding capacity

A

the total number of bonds a atom can make.

36
Q

what is ionic bond

A

two atoms that are unequal in their attraction. the partner strips a electron

37
Q

hydrogen bond

A

weak, formed when a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to one electronegative atom

38
Q

non polar covalent

A

electrons are shared equally, example, o2 same electronegativity

39
Q

electronegativity

A

the attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond

40
Q

polar covalent bond

A

A polar bond is a covalent bond between two atoms where the electrons forming the bond are unequally distributed

41
Q

ph 2 is how many times higher than 8 ph

A

1,000,000

42
Q

acid

A

h- 7 lower is higher

43
Q

base

A

h+7 7 is neutral

44
Q

buffer

A

prebents a sudden change in ph. can neutralize solution

45
Q

adhesion

A

different substances being held by h bonding

46
Q

cohesion

A

same substances being held together

47
Q

surface tension

A

how difficult is it to stretch or break the surface of a liquid

48
Q

calories

A

how much heat is required to raise something 1 degree c

49
Q

organic chemistry

A

study of carbon compounds. different shapers

50
Q

carbohydrates

A

simple sugar, polymer= monosaccharides. used ofr energy

51
Q

difference between macromolecules and polymer

A

polymers build up macromolecules

52
Q

lipids

A

fatty acid, polymer= glycerol heads and hydrogen tails used for energy and organ protection

53
Q

protein

A

amino acid polymer = polypeptide used for muscle regeneration and for

54
Q

nucleic acid

A

Nucleotide and dna rna atp builds new dna that we can use

55
Q

saturated fats

A

solid while unsaturated is liquid and healthier

56
Q

storage polysaccharide

A

starch, glycogen, coiled and branches

57
Q

structure polysaccharide

A

parted rows- reinforced pant cell walls insect exoskeletons

Exploring biology. college (4 decks)

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