exam 1 review Flashcards
What are the properties associated with life?
Reproduction, growth and development, energy utilization. responses to the environment, homeostasis, adaptation
Describe the levels of organization including emergent properties.
Population- all members in a species in a specific area.
community- all population in a specific area
ecosystem- community plus abiotic factors
biome- ecosystem characteristics across a broad geographic region
- rainforest, desert, tundra
Biosphere- all environments on earth that support life.
emergent properties- properties that are only observed when compounds are combined. ex. na+cl= salt
What are the three domains of life? How are they related to prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?
bacteria, archaea, eukarya
bacteria- most diverse and widespread prokaryotes(single celled organism
archaea- live in extreme environments, also prokaryotes
eukarya- eukaryotes (multiple celled organism)
What is the general scheme by which we classify life?
kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, order, family, genus, species
What is science?
A process that uses a systematic observation and experimentation to study the physical and the natural world
Describe induction reasoning
induction- determining the rule. learning the rule after numerous examples, cannot guarantee the conclusion
ex. my grass has been wet every time it rains. the next time it rains my grass will be wet.
abductive reasoning
using a rule and effect to determine the cause
ex. rain causes wetness. the grass is wet, it must have rained
deductive reasoning
ex. Every day, I leave for work in my car at eight o’clock. Every day, the drive to work takes 45 minutes I arrive to work on time. Therefore, if I leave for work at eight o’clock today, I will be on time. reasoning from cause to effect. logical
Evolution is considered to be a unifying theory in biology. What does that mean?
it combines geology, molecular genetics, comparative anatomy, embryology, physics, behavioral biology together. in other words it ties all the different kinds of science together.
Of how broad it is and how deep it is compare to evidence for other scientific theories? How does the evidence for evolutionary theory in terms
it has been the most studied. and is the framework for all field work. by far the most studied. and has the most evidence.
selection pressure
any factor that gives member of population a reproductive advantage over another member of a population
artificial selection
When a outside force controls reproduction of animals. such as dogs/livestock
how is evolution related to agriculture
it allows us to manipulate the genes of livestock to make the animals more meaty bigger and make chickens make more eggs.
how is evolution related to medicine
it allows us to understand illnesses too a better level.
ex. improving vaccine strategies
bacterial antibiotic resistance
scientific theory
sets of verified hypothesis laws and facts about empirical world.
hypothesis
a testable explanation/ supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation
Hypothetical-deductive model
- identify the hypothesis that’s to be tested
2 generate predictions from the hypothesis
3 use experiments to confirm predictions
theories
sets of verified hypothesis, laws and facts about the empirical world
the world
objects, processes and properties of the real world form the subject matter of theories
prediction
theories are useful to make predictions about the world. predictions of the pas/future
data/datum(singular)
information gathered from empirical observations or experiments. data provide the evidence to test theories
what molecules make up 96% of a living organisms body
carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen
what is a trace element
elements needed to survive but In really small amounts. ex iodine for thyroid
what is the source of oxygen
photosynthesis
