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Plant Taxonomy > Exam 2 Review > Flashcards

Exam 2 Review Flashcards

1
Q

Are gymnosperms monophyletic?

A

no

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2
Q

What are cones?

A
  • a new way of housing spores
  • seed cone or female cone
  • modified leaves
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3
Q

What is the development of seeds in gymnosperms like?

A
  • seeds form in female cones
  • each scale has a female gametophyte and megasporangium
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4
Q

What is the alternation of generations like in gymnosperms?

A
  • sporophyte dominant
  • gametophytes phase greatly reduced
  • sporophyte independent of gametophyte
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5
Q

What are the characteristics of the angiosperms?

A
  • diverse, monophyletic lineage
  • flowers and fruits
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6
Q

What is a flower?

A

the reproductive organs of angiosperms, with four concentric rings

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7
Q

What is the purpose of the perianth?

A
  • sepals protect the inner flower parts in the bud
  • petals are colorful and assist in attracting pollinators
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8
Q

What are the two main groups of inflorescences?

A

indeterminant (racemose) and determinant (cymose)

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9
Q

What is the alternation of generations like in angiosperms?

A
  • dominant sporophyte
  • reduced male and female gametophyte
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10
Q

What are the components of a seed? What is the ploidy of each component?

A
  • Embryo (2n)
  • Endosperm (3n) = nutritive tissue
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11
Q

How are fruits dispersed?

A

wind, animals, insects, water

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12
Q

What are the components of the floral formula?

A

symmetry, calyx(sepals), corolla (petals), androecium, gynoecium, fruit

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of monocots?

A
  • one cotyledon
  • generally parallel leaf venation
  • scattered vascular bundles in stems
  • floral parts are in multiples of 3
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14
Q

What are the characteristics of eudictos?

A
  • monophyletic group
  • 2 cotyledons
  • reticulate leaf venation
  • tap roots
  • floral parts are in multiples of 4 or 5
  • tricolpate pollen
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15
Q

What group has the smallest seeds?

A

Orchidaceae

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16
Q

What group has the largest seeds?

A

Arecaceae (Lodoicea)

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17
Q

What group has the smallest flowering plant?

A

Araceae (Wolffia)

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18
Q

Resupinate

A

when flowers turn 180 degrees (orchids)

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19
Q

CAM photosynthesis

A

stomata open at night to reduce water loss, CO2 is stored and saved for photosynthesis during the day

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20
Q

Cyathium

A

the characteristic inflorescence of euphorbs

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21
Q

Hypanthium

A

when the calyx, corolla, and stamens are fused to form a cup-like structure

22
Q

Prickles

A

modified hairs/dermal tissue (roses)

23
Q

Sympetalous corolla

A

corolla is fused, commonly found in asterids

24
Q

Colleters

A

found under stipules, release chemicals that keep away bugs, characteristic of Rubiaceae

25
Burr
a rough/prickly envelope sometimes found on the fruits in Fagaceae
26
Pollinium/Pollinia
pollen sacs in orchids that stick to insects
27
Staminate
a flower with only male functioning reproductive organs
28
Carpellate
a flower with only female functioning reproductive organs
29
Monoecious
male and female reproductive structure on one plant (can be on different flowers)
30
Spine
modified leaves
31
Nectariferous disk
an elevated part of the receptacle that produces nectar, characteristic of Sapindales
32
Mucilage canal
characteristic of Malvaceae
33
Anther inversion
anthers turn 180 degrees during development, characteristic of Ericaceae
34
Dioecious
when male and female reproductive structures are on two separate plants
35
Thorn
modified stems
36
Glucosinolates
sulfur compounds, characteristic of Brassicales
37
Tendrils
modified leaflets used for support, characteristic of Fabaceae
38
Epipetalous filaments/stamens
stamens are fused to the petals, characteristic of Asterids
39
What are the characteristics of gymnosperms?
naked seeds, no fruit or flowers
40
What family makes up 10% of angiosperm species diversity?
asteraceae
41
radiate head
ray flowers on edge, disk in center (sunflowers)
42
discoid head
only disk flowers
43
ligulate head
only ray flowers
44
when you eat an apple, what part of the flower do you eat?
the enlarged hypanthium
45
determinant/cymose inflorescence
- old at apex, new at base - ex: cyme, scorpioid, helicoid
46
indeterminant/racemose inflorescence
- new at apex, old at base - ex: raceme, spike, spadix, capitulum, umbel, corymb
47
ABC Sepals
A genes
48
ABC Petals
A + B genes
49
ABC Stamens
B + C genes
50
ABC Carpels
C genes
51
capitulum
the characteristic inflorescence of Asteraceae

Plant Taxonomy (3 decks)

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