Exam 2 Families Review Flashcards
1
Q
Ginkgoaceae
A
- “living fossil”
- dichotomous venation
- deciduous
2
Q
Cycadaceae
A
- dioecious
- fleshy seeds
- corraloid roots with N fixing bacteria
- Sago is a starchy food produced in the stem
3
Q
Pinaceae
A
- cones have bracts free from scales
- needle-like leaves in fascicles of 2-5
- seeds have long, terminal wing
4
Q
Coniferales
A
- largest gymnosperm group
- dominant in boreal forests and mountains
- produce cones
5
Q
Orchidaceae
A
- flowers usually resupinate
- flowers have a labellum
- most have 1 stamen per flower
- vanilla
6
Q
Asteraceae
A
- chicory, artichoke, sunflower, dandelion, lettuce
- pollinated by generalists
- ray flowers attract pollinators and disk flowers produce nectar
- fruit: achene
- inflorescence: capitulum
7
Q
Lamiaceae
A
- mint, lavendar, rosemary
- square stems
- pollinated by birds and insects
- fruit: drupe, nutlets
8
Q
Brassicaceae
A
- mustard, radish, turnip, horseradish, cabbage, brussel sprouts, broccoli, cauliflower
- used as an ecological and genetic model system for research
- androecium 2+4: 2 are short and infertile, 4 are long and fertile
9
Q
Cucurbitaceae
A
- cucumber/gourd family
- watermelon, cucumber, honeydew, cantalope, loofah
- herbaceous, soft-woody vines, coiled, with tendrils
- staminate and carpellate flowers
- fruit: pepo (modified berry with hard rind)
10
Q
Sapindaceae
A
- soapberry family
- lychee, longan, rambutan, sugar, maple
- staminate and carpellate flowers
- fruit: capsule, arilloid berry, drupe, samaroid schizocarp
11
Q
Bromeliaceae
A
- pineapple family, airplants, spanish moss
- rosette herbs, usually epiphytic
- alternate leaves in spirals, often hold water in the leaves
- special trichomes: flaps are lifted when water is low to allow water to enter, then lie flat to prevent evaporation, also reflect UV and look like hairs
12
Q
Fabaceae
A
- legume/bean family
- often with root nodules containing N-fixing bacteria
- 3rd largest angiosperm family
- peanuts, soybeans, lentils, peas, tamarind
- flowers have a hypanthium
- leaflets can be modified into tendrils
- spines present
- many eject seeds forcefully as fruit dry
13
Q
Euphorbiaceae
A
- rubber, latex, timber, arrow poisons, cassava
- trees, shrubs, vines, herbs, sometimes succulent
- unisexual flowers
- inflorescence: cyathium
14
Q
Solanaceae
A
- nightshade family, tomatillo, cayenne papper, bell peppers, eggplant, potato
- plicate corolla (fan-shaped)
15
Q
Fagaceae
A
- oak/beech/chestnut family
- fruits: nut with cupule, sometimes with burrs
- unisexual flowers, staminate flowers in catkins
16
Q
Cactaceae
A
- prickly pear, ornamentals
- CAM photosynthesis
- long shoots produce photosynthetic leaves, short shoots produce spines
inflorescence reduced to single flower with hypanthium - infinity tepals and androecium
- fruit: berry
17
Q
Iridaceae
A
- iris family, saffron
- lily-like flowers with leaves in a flat plane
- single flower or inflorescence (spike)
- gynoecium looks like petals in irises
- fruit: capsule
18
Q
Rubiaceae
A
- coffee family
- opposite leaves with stipules present
- one of the largest woody plant families in the tropics
19
Q
Ericaceae
A
- heath family
- cranberry, blueberry, lingonberry, huckleberry
- anther inversion during development
- strongly associated with mycorrhizal fungi
20
Q
Rosaceae
A
- apples, peaches, apricots, almonds, pears, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries
- sometimes thorns or prickles present
- flowers: *,5,5, infinity, infinity
- hypanthium
- pomes only found in this family
21
Q
Malvaceae
A
- mallow family
- hibiscus, cotton, balsa tree, okra, cacao, durian
- mucilage canals
- fruit: indehiscent pods, follicles
22
Q
Cornaceae
A
- dogwood family
- *,4,4,4,2
- fruit: drupe
23
Q
A
24
Q
- “living fossil”
- dichotomous venation
- deciduous
A
Ginkgoaceae
25
- dioecious
- fleshy seeds
- corraloid roots with N fixing bacteria
- Sago is a starchy food produced in the stem
Cycadaceae
26
- cones have bracts free from scales
- needle-like leaves in fascicles of 2-5
- seeds have long, terminal wing
Pinaceae
27
- largest gymnosperm group
- dominant in boreal forests and mountains
- produce cones
Coniferales
28
- flowers usually resupinate
- flowers have a labellum
- most have 1 stamen per flower
- vanilla
Orchidaceae
29
- chicory, artichoke, sunflower, dandelion, lettuce
- pollinated by generalists
- ray flowers attract pollinators and disk flowers produce nectar
- fruit: achene
- inflorescence: capitulum
Asteraceae
30
- mint, lavendar, rosemary
- square stems
- pollinated by birds and insects
- fruit: drupe, nutlets
Lamiaceae
31
- mustard, radish, turnip, horseradish, cabbage, brussel sprouts, broccoli, cauliflower
- used as an ecological and genetic model system for research
- androecium 2+4: 2 are short and infertile, 4 are long and fertile
Brassicaceae
32
- cucumber/gourd family
- watermelon, cucumber, honeydew, cantalope, loofah
- herbaceous, soft-woody vines, coiled, with tendrils
- staminate and carpellate flowers
- fruit: pepo (modified berry with hard rind)
Cucurbitaceae
33
- soapberry family
- lychee, longan, rambutan, sugar, maple
- staminate and carpellate flowers
- fruit: capsule, arilloid berry, drupe, samaroid schizocarp
Sapindaceae
34
- pineapple family, airplants, spanish moss
- rosette herbs, usually epiphytic
- alternate leaves in spirals, often hold water in the leaves
- special trichomes: flaps are lifted when water is low to allow water to enter, then lie flat to prevent evaporation, also reflect UV and look like hairs
Bromeliaceae
35
- legume/bean family
- often with root nodules containing N-fixing bacteria
- 3rd largest angiosperm family
- peanuts, soybeans, lentils, peas, tamarind
- flowers have a hypanthium
- leaflets can be modified into tendrils
- spines present
- many eject seeds forcefully as fruit dry
Fabaceae
36
- rubber, latex, timber, arrow poisons, cassava
- trees, shrubs, vines, herbs, sometimes succulent
- unisexual flowers
- inflorescence: cyathium
Euphorbiaceae
37
- nightshade family, tomatillo, cayenne papper, bell peppers, eggplant, potato
- plicate corolla (fan-shaped)
Solanaceae
38
- oak/beech/chestnut family
- fruits: nut with cupule, sometimes with burrs
- unisexual flowers, staminate flowers in catkins
Fagaceae
39
- prickly pear, ornamentals
- CAM photosynthesis
- long shoots produce photosynthetic leaves, short shoots produce spines
inflorescence reduced to single flower with hypanthium
- infinity tepals and androecium
- fruit: berry
Cactaceae
40
- iris family, saffron
- lily-like flowers with leaves in a flat plane
- single flower or inflorescence (spike)
- gynoecium looks like petals in irises
- fruit: capsule
Iridaceae
41
- coffee family
- opposite leaves with stipules and colleters present
- one of the largest woody plant families in the tropics
Rubiaceae
42
- heath family
- cranberry, blueberry, lingonberry, huckleberry
- anther inversion during development
- strongly associated with mycorrhizal fungi
Ericaceae
43
- apples, peaches, apricots, almonds, pears, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries
- sometimes thorns or prickles present
- flowers: *,5,5, infinity, infinity
- hypanthium
- pomes only found in this family
Rosaceae
44
- mallow family
- hibiscus, cotton, balsa tree, okra, cacao, durian
- mucilage canals
- fruit: indehiscent pods, follicles
Malvaceae
45
- dogwood family
- *,4,4,4,2
- fruit: drupe
Cornaceae
