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AT 203 > Exam #2 Review > Flashcards

Exam #2 Review Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is a disadvantage of pull systems?

a. they are not effective when sales patterns are consistent
b. they are not effective when there are few distribution centers and products
c. they result in shortages if schedules are missed
d. they result in higher costs when forecasting sales is difficult

A

c. they result in shortages if schedules are missed

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2
Q

Which of the following is a disadvantage of push systems?

a. they are not effective when sales patterns are consistent
b. they are not effective when there are few distribution centers and products
c. they result in shortages if schedules are missed
d. they result in higher costs when forecasting sales is difficult

A

d. they result in higher costs when forecasting sales is difficult

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3
Q

Describe how a product moves through a push system

A

Push system: produce goods in advance of customer demand using a forecast of sales
push the product through
supplier – factory – warehouse – retailer – customer

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4
Q

Describe how a product moves through a pull system

A

Pull system: goods produced based on demand
goods are pulled by customer demand
Receive order from the customer – decide production based on orders – get materials – produce product – send to customer

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5
Q

The center-of-gravity method is often used to locate _____.

a. availability of raw materials
b. demand markets
c. site locations
d. service facilities

A

d. service facilities

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6
Q

A _____ produces only what is needed at upstream stages in the supply chain in response to customer demand signals for downstream stages.

a. third-party logistics provider
b. push system
c. pull system
d. distribution system

A

c. pull system

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7
Q

_____ refers to acquiring capabilities toward distribution, or even customers.

a. Contract manufacturing
b. Outsourcing
c. Backward integration
d. Forward integration

A

d. Forward integration

supplier <– factory –> warehouse –> retailer –> customer

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8
Q

Compare forward and backward integration

A

supplier <– factory –> warehouse –> retailer –> customer

Forward integration acquires capabilities toward customers
Backward integration acquires capabilities toward suppliers

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9
Q

Unlike firms that outsource, firms engaged in offshoring:

a. manage to reduce travel expenses
b. are able to enforce intellectual property rights easily
c. maintain ownership of the facility in another country
d. have better control on quality

A

c. maintain ownership of the facility in another country

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10
Q

A difference between efficient supply chains and responsive supply chains is that responsive supply chains _____.

a. focus on flexibility and responsive service
b. focus on maximizing efficiencies in process flow
c. seek to balance capacity and demand, resulting in low levels of inventory
d. seek to minimize cost of routing products from factory to customers

A

a. focus on flexibility and responsive service

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11
Q

One advantage of a distributive system, such as blockchain technology, it that:

a. accountability among value chain participants are dependent on a single supplier
b. transactions cannot be traced back to the original source
c. control of information is in the hands of one individual, rather than multiple people
d. no single individual or organization has total control of the information

A

d. no single individual or organization has total control of the information

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12
Q

How would you use the center of gravity method to find the optimal location for a warehouse?

A

To find x, take each x-value and multiply it by its respective distance then add them together
To find y, take each y-value and multiply it by its respective distance then add them together

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13
Q

A process _____ is the beginning or end of a process.

a. design
b. map
c. boundary
d. bottleneck

A

c. boundary

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14
Q

_____ are organized around particular types of general-purpose equipment that are flexible and capable of customizing work for individual customers.

a. Assembly line processes
b. Flow shop processes
c. Continuous flow processes
d. Job shop processes

A

d. Job shop processes

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15
Q

What are the four principal types of processes?

Which process produces the most product?

Which process produces the most customized product?

A

Projects
Job shop processes
Flow shop processes
Continuous flow processes

Continuous

Projects

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16
Q

_____ are large‐scale, customized initiatives that consist of many smaller tasks and activities that must be coordinated and completed to finish on time and within budget.

a. Projects
b. Flow shop processes
c. Continuous flow processes
d. Job shop processes

A

a. Projects

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17
Q

_____ are organized around a fixed sequence of activities and process steps, such as an assembly line, to produce a limited variety of similar goods or services.

a. Assembly line processes
b. Flow shop processes
c. Continuous flow processes
d. Job shop processes

A

b. Flow shop processes

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18
Q

_____ create highly standardized goods or services, usually around the clock in very high volumes.

a. Assembly line processes
b. Flow shop processes
c. Continuous flow processes
d. Job shop processes

A

c. Continuous flow processes

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19
Q

Management strategies to improve process designs of services focus on:

a. decreasing process costs by adding multiple approval requirements for all transactions
b. decreasing process bottlenecks by adding non-value-added activities to a process
c. increasing product and service quality by reducing defects and service upsets
d. increasing agility by making service processes mechanistic and controlled

A

c. increasing product and service quality by reducing defects and service upsets

20
Q

_____ goods are generally produced and delivered as one of a kind or in small quantities and are designed to meet specific customers’ specifications.

a. Assemble-to-order
b. Make-to-order
c. Make-to-stock
d. Standard

A

b. Make-to-order

Customized (jet)

21
Q

_____ goods are configurations of standard parts, subassemblies, or services that can be selected by customers from a limited set.

a. Assemble-to-order
b. Make-to-order
c. Make-to-stock
d. Standard

A

a. Assemble-to-order

Subway

22
Q

_____ goods are made according to a fixed design that leaves the customers with no options to choose from.

a. Assemble-to-order
b. Make-to-order
c. Make-to-stock
d. Standard

A

c. Make-to-stock

Buying something right off the shelf

23
Q

Which of the following statements is true of a process map?

a. it distorts the boundaries of a process
b. including non-value-added activities in a process map is one of the important responsibilities of operations managers
c. it documents how work either is or should be accomplished
d. adding multiple approval requirements for all transactions in a process map is a crucial part in the creation of the process map

A

c. it documents how work either is or should be accomplished

24
Q

In a process design, a _____ is a specific unit of work required to create an output.

a. task
b. matrix
c. value chain
d. portfolio

A

a. task

25
Q

A Jet Air 304 airplane emits 22 kilograms of carbon dioxide per hour while flying. Today, the plane flew for 8.2 hours on six flights. This emission rate doesn’t include the time on the ground running its engines and other airport gate and airport emissions. How much carbon dioxide did the JetAir 304 airplane release into the atmosphere in a day?

a. 220.3
b. 180.4
c. 190.8
d. 200.6

A

b. 180.4

22 * 8.2

26
Q

Dot’s Restaurant must decide between two technology and processes in their kitchen. Process A uses an induction oven and microwave process with a fixed cost of $44,000 and a variable cost of $4.19 per meal. Process B uses a gas-fired oven process with heating lamps with a fixed cost of $28,000 and a variable cost of $5.86 per meal. What is the break-even quantity?

a. 9,675
b. 9,581
c. 10,041
d. 10,458

A

b. 9,581

TC = FC + VC
44,000 + 4.19 * Q = 28,000 + 5.86 * Q
Q = 9,581

27
Q

One of the disadvantages of a product layout is that it has:

a. high materials handling
b. high work-in-progress inventory
c. low flexibility
d. low labor utilization

A

c. low flexibility

28
Q

List advantages and disadvantages of product layout

A

Advantages:
Higher output rates
Less material handling
Higher labor and equipment utilization

Disadvantages:
Low job satisfaction
Breakdown at one workstation may cause the entire process to shut down
Must design facility from scratch, change in product can require major changes in the layout
Limited flexibility

29
Q

What are the four layout patterns in configuring facilities?

A

Product layout
Process layout
Cellular layout
Fixed-position layout

30
Q

A _____ layout is an arrangement based on the sequence of operations that is performed during the manufacturing of a good or delivery of a service.

a. product
b. process
c. cellular
d. fixed-position

A

a. product

Subway layout arranges ingredients in a specific order

31
Q

_____ is a technique to group tasks among workstations has – in the ideal case – the same amount of work.

a. Job enlargement
b. Assembly-line balancing
c. Cellular manufacturing
d. Job enrichment

A

b. Assembly-line balancing

32
Q

One of the differences between product layouts and process layouts is that, unlike product layouts, process layouts:

a. require highly specialized equipment
b. provide more flexibility
c. have higher automation potential
d. have less materials-handling costs

A

b. provide more flexibility

33
Q

Which of the following is a disadvantage of a process layout?

a. it affects the entire system if any equipment in the layout fails
b. it has high material handling costs
c. it has highly specialized equipment requirements
d. it generally requires a low investment for the production of machines

A

b. it has high material handling costs

34
Q

List advantages and disadvantages of process layout

A

Advantages:
Entire system is not affected if a piece of equipment fails
Lower investment in equipment
More flexible
Worker satisfaction

Disadvantages:
High material‐handling costs
More complicated planning and control systems
Higher worker skill requirements

35
Q

How can we design a process layout?

A

Group equipment/machines based on their functions

36
Q

What is cellular layout?

A

Design is based on self‐contained groups of equipment (called cells) needed for producing a particular set of goods or services
3-12 workers per cell
Each unit has a certain number of machines and supplies

37
Q

_____ is the vertical expansion of job duties to give the worker more responsibility.

a. Employee empowerment
b. Job enlargement
c. Employee recognition
d. Job enrichment

A

d. Job enrichment

38
Q

_____ is the horizontal expansion of job duties to give the worker more variety.

a. Employee empowerment
b. Job enlargement
c. Employee recognition
d. Job enrichment

A

b. Job enlargement

39
Q

_____ is the interval between successive outputs coming off the assembly line.

a. Idle time
b. Cycle time
c. Lack-of-work delay
d. Blocking delay

A

b. Cycle time

40
Q

Identify the most suitable layout for a facility that handles a wide variety of customized orders.

a. A fixed-position layout
b. A cellular layout
c. A product layout
d. A process layout

A

d. A process layout

41
Q

FancyTrends Inc., a handbag manufacturing company, assembles handbags in an assembly line using 10 workstations. The target output for an 8-hour workday is 120 bags. The sum of the task times is 30 min/bag. What is the cycle time?

a. 6
b. 5
c. 4
d. 7

A

c. 4

CT = available time / target output
CT = (8hr * 60min) / 120 bags
Don’t forget to convert hours to minutes

42
Q

FancyTrends Inc., a handbag manufacturing company, assembles handbags in an assembly line using 10 workstations. The target output for an 8-hour workday is 120 bags. The sum of the task times is 30 min/bag. What is the total time available?

cycle time = 4

a. 12
b. 40
c. 120
d. 300

A

b. 40

TT = # of workstations * CT
TT = 10 * 4

43
Q

FancyTrends Inc., a handbag manufacturing company, assembles handbags in an assembly line using 10 workstations. The target output for an 8-hour workday is 120 bags. The sum of the task times is 30 min/bag. What is the assembly-line efficiency?

total time = 40

a. 65%
b. 70%
c. 75%
d. 80%

A

c. 75%

Efficiency = sum of task times / TT
Efficiency = 30 / 40 = 3 / 4 = 0.75

44
Q

Which of the following types of facility layouts is best suited for a heavy machine tools factory?

a. A product layout
b. A process layout
c. A cellular layout
d. A fixed-position layout

A

d. A fixed-position layout

45
Q

A _____ is a reasonable estimate of the amount of time needed to perform a task based on an analyst of the work by an operations expert.

a. standard time
b. time study
c. standard measurement
d. work measurement

A

a. standard time

46
Q

Three work study analysts are rating an employee. Work study analyst 1 rates the employee at performance rating factor = 1.0 and an observed time of 2.8 minutes per unit. Work study analyst 2 rates the employee at PRF = 1.1 and an OT of 3.1 minutes per unit. Work study analyst 3 rates the employee at PRF = 0.8 and an OT of 3.0 minutes per unit. What should the standard time be, assuming an allowance factor of 20%?

a. 3.560 minutes per unit
b. 3.339 minutes per unit
c. 3.444 minutes per unit
d. 3.667 minutes per unit

A

c. 3.444 minutes per unit

A = PRF * OT

A1 = 1.0 * 2.8
= 2.8
A2 = 1.1 * 3.1
= 3.41
A3 = 0.8 * 3.0
= 2.4
Average 2.8 + 3.41 + 2.4 / 3
= 2.87
Standard time = 2.87 * ( 1 + 0.20)
= 3.444

47
Q

How do you calculate cycle time (CT)?

Total time available (TT)?

Idle time?

Assembly-line efficiency?

Balance delay?

A

CT = available time / target output

TT = # of workstations * CT

Idle = TT - sum of task times

Efficiency = sum of task times / TT

Balance delay = 1 - efficiency

AT 203 (3 decks)

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