Exam 2 Review Flashcards
Food Insecurity
the disruption of food
intake or eating patterns
because of lack of money
and other resources.
Can involve a lack of access
to the right quantity, or
quality.
The Role of Poverty in US Food Security
- Food insecurity is a social determinant
of health, - and it is also inter-related to other social
determinants of health including access
to affordable housing, social isolation,
health problems, high medical costs, and
low wages.
Food Deserts
An area with limited access to affordable and nutritious food.
Urban and suburban zones, refers to areas 1 mile or more from a supermarket
Rural zones, refers to areas 10+ miles from a supermarket
Food Insecurity as a Health Issue
58% of US households with
food insecurity reported
having at least one member
with high blood pressure.
33% of US households with
food insecurity had at least
one member with diabetes.
Causes of Food Insecurity
Conflict and Insecurity
Economic Shocks
Health Shocks
Weather Extremes
Pests
Displacement
Impact of Covid-19 on food insecurity
Hunger and War
- The link between war and hunger
was recognized explicitly with the
the passing of a UN security council
resolution in 2018 which prohibited
the use of hunger as a weapon of
war. - Humanitarian organizations have
been working to provide assistance,
and impact all aspects of food
production and distribution.
Political Acts can Cause Hunger and Starvation
Acts of Omission–>The failure to act, such as when food relief is blocked.
Acts of Commission–> Attacks on food production, markets, and restrictions of people’s movement.
Acts of Provision–> The selective provision of aid to one side of a conflict
Diseases Associated with Nutrition
Diabetes–> A public health epidemic
Risks Type 2 –> Physical inactivity, High body fat or body weight, High blood pressure, High cholesterol
The Social Ecological Model of Health
1) Individual–> Motivating change in individual behavior by increasing knowledge, or influencing attitude, or challenging beliefs.
2) Interpersonal–> recognizing that groups provide social identity and support, interpersonal interventions target groups, such as family members or peers.
3) Organizational–> changing the policies, practices, and physical environment of an organization such as workplace health, care setting, or another type of community organization to support behavior change.
4) Community–> Coordinating the effects of all community members (organizations, community leaders, and citizens) to bring change.
5) Developing the enforcing and local policies that increase beneficial health behaviors. Developing media campaigns that promote public an awareness of health and advocacy.
Factors
Cognitive factors–> Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs
Psychological factors–> Confidence, Locus of control, motivation
Behavioral factors–> skills development, practicing specific behaviors.
Learning
Important aspect of behavior and personality
Process by which changes occur in behavior through experiences or practice
Cognitive Learning
Generalize
Draw Conclusions
Investigate
Make Decisions
Experiement
Identify Logical errors
Affective Learning
Understand others
Interact with others
Considered multiple perspectives
Handle conflict
Take responsibility
Understand controversies
Self-control
Resilience
Behavioral Factors and Primary Care
Up to 70% or primary care visits are related to behavioral health needs.
1 in 5 Americans (20%) are affected by behavioral health disorders during any given year.
On average, 97% of Americans need to chance one or more health behaviors to maintain or regain health.
Behavioral Health
*Behavioral health is the way your habits
impact your mental and physical well-being.
*That includes factors like
* eating and drinking habits,
* exercise, and
* addictive behavior patterns.
INTERVENTIONS INFLUENCING
THE INDIVIDUAL LEVEL
- Clinical advice given by physicians, dentists, physical
therapists, and other medical professionals - One-on-one therapy
- Noom* and other health-promoting programs
- Self-help books
- Health counseling and health education programs
- Chronic disease self-management
WHAT DO WE
MEAN BY
ORGANIZATIONS?
- Workplaces, Corporate
- Social organizations
- Community
organizations - Religious groups
- School settings
Community Health
Believes that understanding the social
forces and behaviors of individuals can be
used to improve the lives of individuals
and communities
This subdiscipline in public health is
grounded in social sciences
Relies on a social justice framework
Has a strong focus on addressing health
inequities
The Role of the Goverment in Public Health
- The success or failure of any
government in the final analysis
must be measured by the wellbeing of its citizens. Nothing can
be more important to a state than
its public health; the state’s
paramount concern should be the
health of its people.
Branches of Governemnt; Federal, State, and Local
Legislative–> creates policy and allocates resources.
Executive–> public health angencies carry out the law/ they may issue regulations consistent with statutes.
Judicial–> Interpret laws. Settle legal dispute
Federal Government
Policy Making
Financing
Health Protection
Collection and Dissemination of health and healthcare delivery systems information
Capacity building for population health
Direct management of services
State Health Departments
Provide funding to local health agencies and coordinate activities.
Collect and analyze date provided by the local agencies.
Provide laboratory services.
Manage Medicaid
License and ceritfy medical personal, facilties, and services.
Provide funding to hospitals to reimbuse them for treating unisured patients.
Role of State and Local Governements in Assuring Population Health
Roles vary across the country
* Surveillance of disease and
health of the population
* Testing, screening, and
notification
* Provide prevention services such
as education and counseling
* Ensure access to healthcare
delivery especially for vulnerable
populations
* Regulatory roles
Core Values Of Public Health
Evidence-Based Results
Justice and Equity
Community Engagement
Obligation to prevent harm and protect health
Respect for Individuals
Trust transparancy, and Confidetiality
Institute of Medicine Report
- Public Health Mission is to:
- Fulfill society’s interest in assuring conditions in
which people can be healthy. - CORE VALUE: Improving health conditions of
others is a benefit to all
Communicable
Communicable–> Infectious diseases, transmissible between individuals
More likely to br acute/act quickly
Can be Seasonal
Caused by pathogens
Cannot be inherited
Can be spread by vectors through air,
Many can be cured
Diabeted
Asthma
Herpes
Cystic Fibrosis
