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Microbiology > Exam 2 Review > Flashcards

Exam 2 Review Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Colonization factors for pseudomonas

A

Pili and adhesins

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2
Q

Survival factors for pseudomonas

A

LPS, capsule and biofilm formation

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3
Q

Factors that cause damage or spread

A

LPS and toxins, flagella motility and chemotaxis

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4
Q

Regulatory factors

A

Sigma factors (algU), two component regulation, quorum sensing

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5
Q

Two- component regulatory system

A

Senses chemokine, histidine kinase self phosphorylates, transfers to response regulator, controls flagellar rotation

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6
Q

Alginate

A

A protective capsule secreted by P. Aeruginosa , protects against host defenses and antibiotics

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7
Q

AlgU

A

Sigma factor that controls alginate production, usually sequestered by MucA, but freed by periplasmic protease

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8
Q

MucA

A

Membrane protein that sequesters AlgU, cleaved by protease

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9
Q

Biofilm formation steps

A
  1. Attachment (Fla+, Pol+)
  2. Stable binding, growth (Fla-, Pil-)
    3-4. Capsule synthesis (Alg+)
  3. Ready for release (Fla+, Pil+)
  4. Planktonic bacteria (motility and chemotaxis)
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10
Q

Quorum sensing

A

Release of autoinducers to give bacteria an idea of what’s there

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11
Q

6 main antibiotic targets

A
  1. Cell wall synthesis
  2. DNA replication
  3. RNA synthesis
  4. Protein synthesis
  5. Folic acid synthesis
  6. Membrane disruption
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12
Q

Penicillin and vancomycin

A

Target cell wall synthesis (D-ala D-ala motif)

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13
Q

Fluoroquinlones

A

Target DNA synthesis

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14
Q

Rifamycin

A

Targets RNA synthesis (RNA pol)

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15
Q

Tetracyclines, chloramphenicol

A

Targets protein synthesis

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16
Q

Sulfonamides

A

Target folic acid synthesis

17
Q

Daptomycin

A

Gram positive membrane disruption

18
Q

Colistin

A

Gram negative membrane disruption

19
Q

Ways bacteria resist abx (5)

A
  • Inactivating abx
  • Modifying or replacing target
  • Remove abx from cell (effluent pumps)
  • Prevent uptake
  • Develop persister populations
20
Q

Examples of horizontal gene transfer (3)

A

Transformation’

  • Transduction
  • Conjugation
21
Q

Plasmid

A

Self replicating circular DNA that can move between cells

22
Q

Transposons

A

Linear DNA that can move within a cell

23
Q

Phages

A

Viruses that attack bacteria

24
Q

Examples of mobile genetic elements (3)

A
  • Plasmid
  • Transposons
  • Phages
25
Q

Transformation

A

Process by which competent bacteria acquires genes from environment, sensitive to DNAse, small pieces

26
Q

Transduction

A

When a phage carries a piece of DNA to another bacterial cell (generalized lytic or specific lysogenic)

27
Q

RecA

A

Protein that catalyze homologous recombination events

28
Q

Replicons

A

DNA elements capable of self replication (bacterial chromosomes and plasmids)

29
Q

Rep protein

A

Recruit DNA pol to initiate DNA replication

30
Q

Origin of replication (Ori)

A

Binding site on DNA for REP
OriC- chromosome
-OriV- Vegetative plasmid
- OriR- R factor plasmid

31
Q

Tra operon

A

Set of genes that encode for the transfer apparatus the sex pilus, can be anywhere in cell

32
Q

oriT

A

Origin of transfer, must be on replicons to be transferred

33
Q

COnjugation

A

A process by which the transfer of genetic arterial from one bacterium to another through direct contact

34
Q

Transposase

A

Needed for a region to be Transposon

35
Q

IR

A

Inverse repeat, at each end of a transposon

36
Q

How do viruses produce multiple proteins (5)

A
  • Segmented genome
  • Polyprotein
    -Nested mRNA
    Start and stop transcription
  • Alternative splicing
37
Q

Antigenic shift

A

Cell with multiple different viruses, genomes differently packaged

38
Q

Antigenic drift

A

Mutations arise. Leading to loss or gain of function

Microbiology (11 decks)

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