exam 2 reverse

Question 1

third wave feminism

Answer 1

largely young, college-age women (multiracial, multiclass, multigender) ex: girlie feminism and pro-sex feminism

Question 2

Socialization hypothesis

Answer 2

a theory that suggests men and women respond to gender stereotypes when planning, training, and applying for jobs

Question 3

Network hypothesis

Answer 3

refers to how people hear about and get jobs: hiring often occurs through personal networks, which are gendered
ex: when a job opens up, current employees are the first to know, they tell their friends, who are disproportionally likely to be of the same sex (and also the same class, race, and sexual orientation, etc.)

Question 4

Employer selection hypothesis

Answer 4

a theory that proposes that employers tend to prefer men for masculine jobs and women for feminine jobs, slotting applicants into gender-consistent roles during hiring and promotion

Question 5

Selective Exit or Desertion hypothesis

Answer 5

an explanation for job segregation that emphasizes workers’ abandonment of counterstereotypical occupations

Question 6

Masculinization of wealth

Answer 6

Concentration of men in high-earning occupations

Question 7

Feminization of poverty

Answer 7

Overrepresentation of female-headed households among the poor

Question 8

Ideal worker norm

Answer 8

the belief that the ideal worker is totally committed to the job to the point, if necessary, of neglecting family and personal needs

Question 9

Motherhood penalty

Answer 9

Mothers are less likely to be hired for jobs, to be perceived as competent at work or to be paid as much as their male colleagues with the same qualifications

Question 10

Fatherhood premium

Answer 10

They are more likely to be hired than childless men, and tend to be paid more after they have children (family relies on them)

Question 11

Hooking up

Answer 11

A casual sexual or romantic encounter without explicit commitment or exclusivity

Question 12

Sexual double standard

Answer 12

Women are judged more harshly for engaging in casual sex than men are.

Question 13

Strategic ambiguity

Answer 13

impression management strategy to protect sexual and social identity

Question 14

Second shift

Answer 14

feminized labor: working two jobs, one paid at work and one unpaid at home

Question 15

Ideology of intensive motherhood

Answer 15

belief that mothers should be primary caretakers (child-rearing should include a lot of time, energy, and material resources, and childrearing should be the #1 priority)

Question 16

Outsourcers

Answer 16

both parents heavily focused on work and rely on domestic outsourcing (hired childcare)

Question 17

Dual-nurturer couples

Answer 17

both couples de-emphasize work to focus on children (largely higher income families)

Question 18

Governance of gender

Answer 18

how gender shapes the way that residents of states are regulated

Question 19

Gender of governance

Answer 19

disproportionate amount of male to female lawmakers

Question 20

Gender-aware policy making

Answer 20

a type of policymaking in which consideration of the effects on both men and women—and different kinds of men and women—is a required part of the policymaking process
ex. Austrian public transit system designed around men commuting to work

Question 21

Androcentrism

Answer 21

gender prejudice–higher respect/status on masculinity over femininity (male characters in video games that everyone wants to play as), valuing male traits over feminine ones (rationality over emotionality)

Question 22

Sexism

Answer 22

any sort of prejudice based on biological sex–privileging males over females

Question 23

Subordination

Answer 23

men and women in situations where women are subservient (women only present in organization as secretary), ex. men as pilots with skills, women as flight attendants

Question 24

Equal access

Answer 24

aims to end sexism by dismantling legal barriers and reducing sex discrimination

Question 25

Equal values

Answer 25

designed to tackle the problem of
androcentrism by raising the value of the feminine to match the value of the masculine

Question 26

Equal sharing

Answer 26

targets subordination by attempting to
ensure that men and women participate equally in masculine and feminine spheres

Question 27

Symbolic representation

Answer 27

women’s presence in government

Question 28

Substantive representation

Answer 28

policies helpful and important to women

Question 29

Liberal feminism

Answer 29

Mainstream institutional and legislative feminism that believes gender should not be a factor in education, housing, employment, etc

Question 30

Radical feminism

Answer 30

Not about sharing power, but
instead abolishing power relations (critique of patriarchy and gender roles) examples anti-porn and queer feminism

Question 31

Cultural feminism

Answer 31

essentialist feminism: Women as naturally and biologically different than men, women as naturally more maternal and nurturing;
Therefore, women as more ethical politicians