exam 2

Question 1

a theory that suggests men and women respond to gender stereotypes when planning, training, and applying for jobs

Answer 1

Socialization hypothesis

Question 2

refers to how people hear about and get jobs: hiring often occurs through personal networks, which are gendered
ex: when a job opens up, current employees are the first to know, they tell their friends, who are disproportionally likely to be of the same sex (and also the same class, race, and sexual orientation, etc.)

Answer 2

Network hypothesis

Question 3

a theory that proposes that employers tend to prefer men for masculine jobs and women for feminine jobs, slotting applicants into gender-consistent roles during hiring and promotion

Answer 3

Employer selection hypothesis

Question 4

an explanation for job segregation that emphasizes workers’ abandonment of counterstereotypical occupations

Answer 4

Selective Exit or Desertion hypothesis

Question 5

Concentration of men in high-earning occupations

Answer 5

Masculinization of wealth

Question 6

Overrepresentation of female-headed households among the poor

Answer 6

Feminization of poverty

Question 7

the belief that the ideal worker is totally committed to the job to the point, if necessary, of neglecting family and personal needs

Answer 7

Ideal worker norm

Question 8

Mothers are less likely to be hired for jobs, to be perceived as competent at work or to be paid as much as their male colleagues with the same qualifications

Answer 8

Motherhood penalty

Question 9

They are more likely to be hired than childless men, and tend to be paid more after they have children (family relies on them)

Answer 9

Fatherhood premium

Question 10

A casual sexual or romantic encounter without explicit commitment or exclusivity

Answer 10

Hooking up

Question 11

Women are judged more harshly for engaging in casual sex than men are.

Answer 11

Sexual double standard

Question 12

impression management strategy to protect sexual and social identity

Answer 12

Strategic ambiguity

Question 13

feminized labor: working two jobs, one paid at work and one unpaid at home

Answer 13

Second shift

Question 14

belief that mothers should be primary caretakers (child-rearing should include a lot of time, energy, and material resources, and childrearing should be the #1 priority)

Answer 14

Ideology of intensive motherhood

Question 15

both parents heavily focused on work and rely on domestic outsourcing (hired childcare)

Answer 15

Outsourcers

Question 16

both couples de-emphasize work to focus on children (largely higher income families)

Answer 16

Dual-nurturer couples

Question 17

how gender shapes the way that residents of states are regulated

Answer 17

Governance of gender

Question 18

disproportionate amount of male to female lawmakers

Answer 18

Gender of governance

Question 19

a type of policymaking in which consideration of the effects on both men and women—and different kinds of men and women—is a required part of the policymaking process
ex. Austrian public transit system designed around men commuting to work

Answer 19

Gender-aware policy making

Question 20

gender prejudice–higher respect/status on masculinity over femininity (male characters in video games that everyone wants to play as), valuing male traits over feminine ones (rationality over emotionality)

Answer 20

Androcentrism

Question 21

any sort of prejudice based on biological sex–privileging males over females

Answer 21

Sexism

Question 22

men and women in situations where women are subservient (women only present in organization as secretary), ex. men as pilots with skills, women as flight attendants

Answer 22

Subordination

Question 23

aims to end sexism by dismantling legal barriers and reducing sex discrimination

Answer 23

Equal access

Question 24

designed to tackle the problem of
androcentrism by raising the value of the feminine to match the value of the masculine

Answer 24

Equal values

Question 25

targets subordination by attempting to
ensure that men and women participate equally in masculine and feminine spheres

Answer 25

Equal sharing

Question 26

women’s presence in government

Answer 26

Symbolic representation

Question 27

policies helpful and important to women

Answer 27

Substantive representation

Question 28

Mainstream institutional and legislative feminism that believes gender should not be a factor in education, housing, employment, etc

Answer 28

Liberal feminism

Question 29

Not about sharing power, but
instead abolishing power relations (critique of patriarchy and gender roles) examples anti-porn and queer feminism

Answer 29

Radical feminism

Question 30

essentialist feminism: Women as naturally and biologically different than men, women as naturally more maternal and nurturing;
Therefore, women as more ethical politicians

Answer 30

Cultural feminism

Question 31

largely young, college-age women (multiracial, multiclass, multigender) ex: girlie feminism and pro-sex feminism

Answer 31

Third-Wave feminism