exam 1

Question 1

gender identity

Answer 1

A sense of ourselves as women, men, gender queer, etc

Question 2

gender binary

Answer 2

the idea that there are only two genders, either masculine or feminine

Question 3

intersex

Answer 3

people who have genitalia, chromosomes, or organs that don’t fit into typical male/female binaries

Question 4

gender policing

Answer 4

(ex. calling someone ‘gay’ for expressing emotions)

Question 5

primary socialization

Answer 5

the initial process of learning the ways of a society or group that occurs in infancy and
childhood and is transmitted through the primary groups to which we belong

Question 6

primary group

Answer 6

characterized by intimate, enduring, unspecialized relationships among small
groups who generally spend a great deal of time together (family)

Question 7

secondary socialization

Answer 7

the learning process that takes place each time
we join a new secondary group

Question 8

secondary group

Answer 8

generally larger, more temporary, more impersonal, and more specialized than primary groups. They tend to be more specialized in that they focus on one or two primary goals (like this class)

Question 9

gender norms

Answer 9

the sets of rules for what is
appropriate masculine and feminine behavior in a given culture

Question 10

icons of femininity

Answer 10

ex. Barbie–aspects of femininity that are unacceptable for boys to perform (boys can play with baby dolls as father/parent, but not Barbie, wearing dresses, painting nails)

Question 11

patriarchy

Answer 11

male dominated society where men and masculinity is prized over femininity

Question 12

sexism

Answer 12

any sort of prejudice based on biological sex–privileging males over females

Question 13

androcentrism

Answer 13

gender prejudice–higher respect/status on masculinity over femininity (male characters in video games that everyone wants to play as), valuing male traits over feminine ones (rationality over emotionality)

Question 14

subordination

Answer 14

men and women in situations where women are subservient (women only present in organization as secretary), ex. men as pilots with skills, women as flight attendants

Question 15

formal gender equality

Question 16

modified patriarchy

Answer 16

leftover practices from patriarchal society (woman taking last name, as remnant of women being property)

Question 17

hegemonic masculinity

Answer 17

pertaining to a type of
man, idealized by men and women alike, who functions to justify and naturalize gender inequality–it is unachievable

Question 18

complicit masculinities

Answer 18

closest most people get to hegemonic masculinity–not perfect, but exert enough to get benefits from a patriarchal society (ex. man and woman graduate with engineering–man started with higher wage than her, but him taking advantage of it is complicit masculinity)

Question 19

marginalized masculinities

Answer 19

not able to fulfill hegemonic masculinity due to race, class, ability

Question 20

subordinated masculinities

Answer 20

sexuality (gay men not seen as masculine)

Question 21

feminine apologetic

Answer 21

a requirement that women
balance their appropriation of masculine interests, traits, and activities with feminine performance (think race car driver who “wears heels”)

Question 22

benevolent sexism

Answer 22

the attribution of positive traits to women, that nonetheless, justify women’s subordination to men (women are good cooks, cleaners)

Question 23

hostile sexism

Answer 23

the condemnation of women with negative instead of positive stereotypes and the use of threats and violence to enforce women’s subservience to men.

Question 24

double bind

Answer 24

a situation in which cultural expectations are contradictory–satisfying only one or the other expectation inevitably means failure and its impossible to do both (being assertive=bitch, quiet=weak)

Question 25

patriarchal bargain

Answer 25

a deal in which an individual or group accepts or even legitimates some of the costs of patriarchy in exchange for receiving some of its rewards (women getting meals paid for)

Question 26

emphasized femininity

Answer 26

an exaggerated form of femininity ‘oriented to accommodating the interests and desires of men’ (women staying fit and beautiful so older rich men keep them financed)

Question 27

emphatic sameness

Answer 27

downplaying the feminine in themselves in exchange for the right to do quite a bit of masculinity (women in the military)

Question 28

Gender equivocation

Answer 28

using both strategies when they’re useful and culturally expected

Question 29

Hegemonic femininity

Answer 29

doesn’t exist like hegemonic masculinity, but the dominant white femininity of Western societies

Question 30

Subordinated femininity

Question 31

Internalized oppression

Question 32

Gendered institution

Answer 32

one in which gender is used as an organizing principle (bev cart girls, boy caddies)

Question 33

Gender salience

Answer 33

the relevance of gender across contexts, activities, and spaces (frats and sororities)–how much gender matters in specific settings

Question 34

What does “doing gender” mean?

Answer 34

theory that focuses on interactional way of gender–being considered masculine/feminine relies on actions and recognition (gender is fluid, can change)

Question 35

What is the theory of intersectionality? Give an example.

Answer 35

class, race, gender, ability, etc all intersect and shape how we go through life (think Vietnamese and Korean American daughters who felt out of place)