Exam 2 Respiratory Flashcards
zone that contains nose, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles, and functions in bringing air into or out of the lungs as well as warming and humidifying it
conducting zone
zone lined with alveoli where gas exchange occurs; contains respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and sacs
respiratory zone
synthesize surfactant
Type II pneumocytes
phagocytic cells that keep alveoli free of dust and debris
alveolar macrophages
pulmonary blood flow is mainly regulated by (blank) which is determined mainly by O2 (hypoxic vasoconstriction)
arteriolar resistance
volume inspired or expired with each normal breath (normal quiet breathing)
tidal volume (~500 ml)
volume that can be inspired over and above the tidal volume, used during exercise
inspiratory reserve volume (~1200 ml)
volume that can be expired after the expiration of the tidal volume
expiratory reserve volume (~1200 ml)
volume that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration, cannot be directly measured
residual volume (~1200 ml)
Tidal Volume + Inspiratory Reserve Volume
Inspiratory Capacity (~3500 ml)
Expiratory Reserve Volume + Residual Volume
Functional Residual Capacity (~2400 ml)
Tidal Volume + Inspiratory Reserve Volume + Expiratory Reserve Volume
Vital Capacity (~4700 ml)
volume of air that can be forcible expired after a maximal inhalation
Forced Vital Capacity
sum of all lung volumes
Total Lung Capacity (~5900 ml)
air which does not take part in gas exchange in conducting airways
anatomic dead space
volume of lungs which does not participate in gas exchange, may be greater in diseased lungs
physiologic dead space
total rate of air moved in and out of the lungs
minute ventilation
rate of air moved in and out of lungs corrected for physiologic dead space
alveolar ventilation
volume of air that can be expired in 1 second after a maximal inspiration, normally 80% of FVC
FEV1 (forced expiratory volume 1)
condition in which both FEV1 and FVC are reduced; ratio >80%
restrictive lung disease (fibrosis)
condition i which FEV1 is reduced more than FVC so that FEV1/FVC ratio is decreased to <80%
obstructive lung disease (asthma, COPD, emphysema)
distensibility of the lungs (change in lung volume for a given change in pressure), inversely related to elastance
compliance
when the pressure outside of the lungs is negative the lungs [expand or collapse] and the volume [increases or decreases]
expand, increases
at high expanding pressure, compliance is [high or low]
low
pressure in intrapleural space is [positive or negative] relative to the atmospheric pressure
negative