Exam 2 Quiz Questions Flashcards
Newborns’ facial expressions are:
a.
similar to those of adults.
b.
extremely culture-specific.
c.
very difficult to differentiate.
d.
controlled by higher brain centers.
A
Nancy covers her eyes with her hands when a scary clown appears on her television screen. What type of behavior is Nancy engaging in?
a.
emotion regulation
b.
emotion differentiation
c.
emotion adaptation
d.
primary intersubjectivity
A
An infant’s first smiles:
a.
are triggered by seeing their mothers’ faces.
b.
usually occur only when they are wide awake.
c.
are endogenous, associated with physiological functions.
d.
are exogenous, or in response to environmental stimuli.
C
Jane’s baby just smiled at her for the first time. Jane is thrilled, responds to her infant’s expression, and encourages her infant to smile more. Jane is likely:
a.
to adhere to the differential emotions theory
b.
from an individualistic culture.
c.
from a collectivistic culture.
d.
to take an etic approach.
B
Which is an example of primary intersubjectivity?
a.
A child turns her gaze toward the door when her mother looks that direction.
b.
Seeing his mother’s look of alarm, a child cries when approached by a large dog.
c.
A child takes a turn smiling at his mother and being smiled at in return.
d.
A child is upset when she is left with a babysitter while her parents go out.
C
How does a typically developing 3-month-old infant react when their mother stops responding to them in a normally responsive manner?
a.
They mirror their mother’s face and keep their faces still and motionless.
b.
They become fussy and avert their gaze.
c.
They show no evidence of noticing their mothers’ unusual behavior.
d.
They immediately fall asleep.
B
When infants first begin to become distressed during an interaction with a caregiver, they are likely to ____________.
a.
cry uncontrollably
b.
shut their eyes
c.
pout
d.
become unresponsive
C
Research has shown that infants less than 1-hour-old will imitate certain facial actions of others. This behavior is explained as due, in part, to ____________.
a.
mirror neurons
b.
early learning abilities
c.
an emerging sense of self
d.
deliberate attempts to establish social connections
A
Which of the following is a sign that infants have become attached to their caretakers?
a.
decreasing fear of strangers
b.
distress on separation
c.
crying when reunited after an absence
d.
the ability to tolerate lengthy separations
B
Which of the following argued that satisfaction of biological drives is a primary motivator for attachment relationships?
a.
Bowlby
b.
Freud
c.
Harlow
d.
Ainsworth
B
Which of the following BEST supports Bowlby’s belief that attachment is a highly evolved system of regulation?
a.
Baby monkeys showed a distinct preference for cloth-covered substitute mothers over wire substitute mothers.
b.
Monkeys that developed attachment relationships with cloth-covered substitute mothers found comfort in the substitute but did not form normal relationships with other monkeys later in life.
c.
Harlow concluded from his studies that “these results attest to the importance—possibly overwhelming importance—of bodily contact and the immediate comfort it supplies in forming the infant’s attachment for its mother.”
d.
Monkeys demonstrated attachment to their cloth-covered mother after separations of up to a year.
B
Wayne’s mother has left him alone with an unfamiliar caregiver. Wayne seems perfectly content and does not become upset. What phase of attachment is Wayne likely in?
a.
the preattachment phase
b.
the attachment-in-the-making phase
c.
the clear-cut attachment phase
d.
the reciprocal relationship phase
A
Which of the following descriptions best describes an infant in the “attachment-in-the- making” phase?
a.
Terrance is playing in the sandbox while his mother is reading a magazine. Every so often they interrupt what they are doing to renew contact with each other.
b.
William becomes visibly distressed when his mother leaves the room.
c.
Alicia has recently started to become wary when people she doesn’t know attempt to interact with her.
d.
Ivy is not distressed when left with an unfamiliar caregiver.
C
The distress that babies show when the person to whom they are attached leaves is called:
a.
stranger wariness.
b.
drive reduction.
c.
detachment.
d.
separation anxiety.
D
According to Bowlby’s attachment theory, the mother serves as a:
a.
model.
b.
secure base.
c.
source of conflict.
d.
vehicle for needs reduction.
B
How are family influences thought to cause differences in attachment relations?
a.
Difficult conditions are likely to lower parental sensitivity, and children may feel insecure when they experience unpredictable caregiving.
b.
Parents living in poverty do not generally care about their children.
c.
Parents experiencing marital difficulties tend to focus more on their marital partner than their child.
d.
A child’s temperamental difficulties lead to increased stress for a family.
A
Secondary intersubjectivity is a complex way in which infants begin to interact by:
a.
concentrating on the secondary caretaker.
b.
ignoring the caretaker in favor of what interests them.
c.
interacting with the caretaker only when he or she is present.
d.
simultaneously paying attention to the caretaker and another object.
Feedback
D
Which of the following is an example of social referencing?
a.
A child “shaves” alongside his father.
b.
A newborn cries when she hears another newborn in the nursery crying.
c.
A 1-year-old, approached by a strange cat, looks over to see his mother’s reaction.
d.
A newborn sticks out his tongue immediately after seeing an adult perform the same action.
C
Children demonstrate that they can recognize themselves in the mirror when they:
a.
try to touch their mirror images.
b.
vocalize and point at their mirror images.
c.
use mirror images to detect toys placed behind them.
d.
use mirror images to find spots of color placed on their faces.
D
According to Erikson, during the first year of life, children must resolve the conflict between:
a.
trust and mistrust.
b.
initiative and guilt.
c.
exploration and security.
d.
autonomy and shame/doubt.
A
