Exam 2 - Quiz questions Flashcards
What is a method or intervention that quasi-experimental studies can use to increase the quality of the results if it does not use a comparison group?
a. Identify confounding variables
b. Time-series design
c. Randomization
d. Increase sample size
b
What is an example of when a large sample size might not be an accurate representation of the population?
a. Observational studies
b. Nonprobability sampling is used
c. Qualitative studies
d. A power analysis determines the size
b
Which of the following study types is a form of qualitative research?
a. Randomized Controlled Trial
b. Systematic Review
c. Quasi-experimental study
d. Narrative Analysis
d
Which type of sampling technique uses volunteers to participate?
a. Snowball
b. Purposive
c. Convenience
d. Theoretical
c
*Snowball sampling is having participants make referrals to people. It is also known as network sampling. Leaving the participant selection up to others can give a skewed sample that might not be the most information-rich sources.
Purposive sampling is a sampling type adopted after other methods are tried first where the researchers deliberately pick participants to find those that are information rich. Maximum variation sampling involves deliberately selecting cases with a wide range of variation on dimensions of interest. Confirming cases are cases that strengthen the credibility. Disconfirming cases are new cases that challenge the results.
Theoretical sampling is an evolving process where participants are selected as needed for relevance to the emerging theory discovered*
What makes a research study a mixed-methods study?
a. Design focused on measuring multiple research questions with one method
b. Uses both qualitative and quantitative data collection
c. Begins with one research design and shifts to one or more designs as the study progresses
d. Combines multiple quantitative research designs to answer one research question
b
What is the number that occurs most frequently in a distribution?
a. Mean
b. Median
c. Mode
d. Average
c
*The median is the point in a distribution that divides scores in half.
The mean equals the sum of all values divided by the number of participants*
A study is designed to test the effects of a new medication on blood pressure. 70% of the participants were supposed to take the medication but decided not to while still remaining a part of the study and its results. What type of bias does this represent?
a. Volunteer
b. Attrition
c. Acquiescence
d. Noncompliance
d
*Volunteer bias prevents randomization and introduces bias into a study.
Attrition bias is when participants drop out of a study and are removed from the results and their impact.
Acquiescence is when participants want to be in agreement and it skews the data.*
When reading a qualitative research study, what term would describe a qualitative data analytic method?
a. Chi-square
b. Independent t-test
c. Content analysis
d. Logistic regression
c
What is the term that describes making sure the data reflects the participants view or voice rather than the researcher’s bias?
a. Transferability
b. Credibility
c. Confirmability
d. Dependability
c
*Credibility is a measure of truth in the data and how it is interpreted. Credibility looks at the way a study is carried out to demonstrate the findings are believable and taking steps to demonstrate credibility to external readers.
Dependability relates to the ability of the study findings to be repeated in similar circumstances. If a study is not dependable, then it is not credible.
Transferability is the ability for the results to be applied or assumed for other settings*
What is a risk that can occur in a meta-analysis if the study excludes articles are that are not peer-reviewed?
a. Publication bias
b. Reduced validity
c. Reduced reliability
d. Intrinsic bias
a
