Exam 2 pt2 (Nutrients) Flashcards
Nutrients
Substance that provides nourishment that is essential for growth and maintenance of life
Most valuable nutrient
Water
Feeds high in water
Silage and high moisture corn
What nutrient has the highest ratio in the diet?
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrate composition
40% carbon
7% hydrogen
55% oxygen
Carbohydrate function
Short-term energy, heat source, building blocks for fat
Describe the 3 forms of carbohydrates
Sugars: Simple/easy to digest
-mono and di-saccharides
Starches: More complex/harder to digest
-many carbon bonds that are broken down by amylase
Fiber: Complex/hard to digest
-Broken down by microbes in ruminant
-Cellulase, hemicellulose, and lignin
Feeds high in Carbohydrates
Sugar- molasses
Starch- Corn
Cellulose- Forages
Lignin- Wheat
Protein Composition
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
How can you estimate protein content?
Multiplying the Nitrogen content of a feed by 6.25%
Protein function
Structural integrity, enzyme production, hormones, regulatory
Protein monomer
Amino acids
How many essential amino acids?
10
List the essential amino acids PVT TIM HALL
histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, arginine, and valine
What is the first limiting amino acid?
Lysine
Feeds high in protein
Soybean mill and cotton seed mill
Describe lipid/fat composition
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen with carbon being the majority.
Describe lipid structure
3 fatty acids linked to a glycerol
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?
Saturated: single bonded carbons and solid at room temperature
Unsaturated: Double bonded carbons to make up for the lesser amount of carbons. They are usually liquid at room temp.
Function of lipids
9kcal/g energy. Stored energy, solvent for fat-soluble nutrients, hormone precursor, and improves feed.
Fat sources
oilseeds: Soybean and cotton seed
yellow grease
rendered animal fat
Vitamins
Organic compounds that are absorbed not digested
The fat-soluble vitamins
A: Vision, epithelial lining, bone formation and growth
D: Bone formation, regulation of Ca and P absorption
E: Antioxidant and cell membrane stability
K: Blood clotting
Water soluble vitamins
B vitamins: Function for metabolism and enzyme production
vitamin c: Disease resistance and recovery
Minerals
Inorganic compounds that cannot be broken down or synthesized
How are minerals given to livestock?
Via supplements
List the macrominerals
Ca, P, Mg, Na, Cl, K, S
What is important about Ca and P?
They must be supplied in a 2:1 ratio of calcium to phosphorus
List the microminerals
Co, Cu, F, I, Fe, Mn, Ma, Se, Zn
Functions of minerals
Skeletal and muscular contraction, acid-base balance, nervous system, cell H2O balance, enzymes, hormones, hemoglobin and blood
