Exam 2 pt2 (Nutrients)

Question 1

Nutrients

Answer 1

Substance that provides nourishment that is essential for growth and maintenance of life

Question 2

Most valuable nutrient

Answer 2

Water

Question 3

Feeds high in water

Answer 3

Silage and high moisture corn

Question 4

What nutrient has the highest ratio in the diet?

Answer 4

Carbohydrates

Question 5

Carbohydrate composition

Answer 5

40% carbon
7% hydrogen
55% oxygen

Question 6

Carbohydrate function

Answer 6

Short-term energy, heat source, building blocks for fat

Question 7

Describe the 3 forms of carbohydrates

Answer 7

Sugars: Simple/easy to digest
-mono and di-saccharides
Starches: More complex/harder to digest
-many carbon bonds that are broken down by amylase
Fiber: Complex/hard to digest
-Broken down by microbes in ruminant
-Cellulase, hemicellulose, and lignin

Question 8

Feeds high in Carbohydrates

Answer 8

Sugar- molasses
Starch- Corn
Cellulose- Forages
Lignin- Wheat

Question 8

Protein Composition

Answer 8

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

Question 9

How can you estimate protein content?

Answer 9

Multiplying the Nitrogen content of a feed by 6.25%

Question 10

Protein function

Answer 10

Structural integrity, enzyme production, hormones, regulatory

Question 11

Protein monomer

Answer 11

Amino acids

Question 12

How many essential amino acids?

Answer 12

10

Question 13

List the essential amino acids PVT TIM HALL

Answer 13

histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, arginine, and valine

Question 14

What is the first limiting amino acid?

Answer 14

Lysine

Question 15

Feeds high in protein

Answer 15

Soybean mill and cotton seed mill

Question 16

Describe lipid/fat composition

Answer 16

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen with carbon being the majority.

Question 17

Describe lipid structure

Answer 17

3 fatty acids linked to a glycerol

Question 18

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Answer 18

Saturated: single bonded carbons and solid at room temperature
Unsaturated: Double bonded carbons to make up for the lesser amount of carbons. They are usually liquid at room temp.

Question 19

Function of lipids

Answer 19

9kcal/g energy. Stored energy, solvent for fat-soluble nutrients, hormone precursor, and improves feed.

Question 20

Fat sources

Answer 20

oilseeds: Soybean and cotton seed
yellow grease
rendered animal fat

Question 21

Vitamins

Answer 21

Organic compounds that are absorbed not digested

Question 22

The fat-soluble vitamins

Answer 22

A: Vision, epithelial lining, bone formation and growth
D: Bone formation, regulation of Ca and P absorption
E: Antioxidant and cell membrane stability
K: Blood clotting

Question 23

Water soluble vitamins

Answer 23

B vitamins: Function for metabolism and enzyme production
vitamin c: Disease resistance and recovery

Question 24

Minerals

Answer 24

Inorganic compounds that cannot be broken down or synthesized

Question 25

How are minerals given to livestock?

Answer 25

Via supplements

Question 26

List the macrominerals

Answer 26

Ca, P, Mg, Na, Cl, K, S

Question 27

What is important about Ca and P?

Answer 27

They must be supplied in a 2:1 ratio of calcium to phosphorus

Question 28

List the microminerals

Answer 28

Co, Cu, F, I, Fe, Mn, Ma, Se, Zn

Question 29

Functions of minerals

Answer 29

Skeletal and muscular contraction, acid-base balance, nervous system, cell H2O balance, enzymes, hormones, hemoglobin and blood