Exam 2 Pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The impact of aging on bone

A

Protein production decreases
Demineralization
Decline in growth hormones

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2
Q

What does decreased protein production lead to

A

brittle bones that lose tensile strenght

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3
Q

What does decline in growth hormone in bones lead to

A

loss of bone mass

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4
Q

Define osteoporosis

A

Condition in which the bones become brittle due to calcium deficiancy

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5
Q

Prevention/treatment of osteoporosis

A

Calcitonin, parathyroid hormone

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6
Q

Define rickets

A

Disease caused by vitamin D deficiancy which causes soft bones

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7
Q

Rickets treatment/prevention

A

Increase calcium, vitamin D and phosphates

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8
Q

A freely moveable joint

A

Diarthrosis

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9
Q

Diarthrosis Example

A

Elbow
Knee
Shoulder

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10
Q

A partially moveable joint

A

Amphiarthrosis

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11
Q

Amphiarthrosis example

A

Sacroiliac joint
Intervertebral joints
Pubic Symphysis

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12
Q

Synarthrosis

A

Immovable joint

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13
Q

An immovable joint

A

Synarthrosis

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14
Q

Amphiarthrosis

A

Partially movable joint

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15
Q

Diarthrosis

A

freely Movable joint

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16
Q

Synarthrosis example

A

Coronal suture

Sagittal suture

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17
Q

3 joint movement classifications

A

Diarthrosis
Synarthrosis
Amphiarthrosis

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18
Q

3 joint structural components

A

Synovial
Cartilaginous
Fibrous

19
Q

Fibrous joint

A

Combined by dense connective tissue

20
Q

Cartilaginous joint

A

Joined by cartilage

21
Q

Synovial joint

A

All freely moveable joints

22
Q

All freely movable joints

A

Synovial

23
Q

Joints joined by cartilage

A

Cartilaginous

24
Q

Joints combined by dense connective tissue

A

Fibrous

25
Q

Distinguishing features of synovial joints

A

Hyaline cartilage
Joint capsule
Restraining ligaments
Bursae

26
Q

Define Bursae

A

Sacs of synovial membrane that reduce friction outside of the joint capsule where tendons, ligaments, bones, and muscle or skin frequently rub

27
Q

Define osteoarthritis

A

Degeneration of joint cartilage and underlying bone

28
Q

Functions of the muscular system

A
Movement
Maintain upright posture
Protection and Support
Regulate elimination of waste
Heat production
29
Q

Flexion

A

Decrease the angle between articulating bones

30
Q

Extension

A

Increase the angle between articulating bones

31
Q

Lateral flexion

A

Spine movement along frontal plane

32
Q

Abduction

A

Lateral movement causing deviation from midline

33
Q

Adduction

A

Lateral movement causing deviation toward midline

34
Q

Pronation

A

Rotation of forearm posteriorly

35
Q

Supination

A

Rotation of forearm anteriorly

36
Q

Plantar flexion

A

Toe pointed down

37
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Standing on heels

38
Q

Inversion

A

Sole of foot directed medialward

39
Q

Eversion

A

Sole of foot directed lateralward

40
Q

Protraction

A

Anterior movement of a body part

41
Q

Retraction

A

Posterior movement of a body part

42
Q

Elevation

A

Superior movement of a body part

43
Q

Depression

A

Inferior movement of a body part

44
Q

Opposition

A

Special movement of thumb.