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Psychology > Exam 2 Psych > Flashcards

Exam 2 Psych Flashcards

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1
Q

Neurons

A

(nerve cells) cells specialized for communicating information

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2
Q

Dendrites

A

widely branching structures that receive messages from other neurons

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3
Q

Axon

A

a single, long, thin, fiber with branches near its tip that sends messages to the dendrites or cell body

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4
Q

Myelin

A

speeds up transmissions along the axon

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5
Q

Terminal buttons

A

releases into the synapse

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6
Q

Synapse

A

a space between one neuron and another

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7
Q

Dopamine (DA)

A

A NT that plays a role in learning attention and movement; a deficiency of DA is associated with Parkinson’s Disease, and an over- sensitivity to its associated with some cases of schizophrenia

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8
Q

Serotonin (5HT)

A

A NT that plays a role in regulating mood, sleep, aggression and appetite; a 5HT deficiency is associated with depression, anxiety, and suicide

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9
Q

Reuptake

A

entire NT is taken back up into the sending cell, repackaged and recycled

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10
Q

Enzymatic deactivation

A

pieces of NT are taken back up and put back together by enzymes

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11
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A

consists of the brain and the spinal cord.

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12
Q

Sensory Neuron

A

carry information about touch,pain and other senses from the periphery of the body to the spinal cord

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13
Q

Motor Neurons

A

transmit impulses from the central nervous systems to the muscles and glands

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14
Q

Spinal Cord

A

serves both reflexive and voluntary movement

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15
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A

consists of all nerves that come off the spinal cord to the other parts of the body

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16
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

controls voluntary muscles

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17
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

Controls involuntary muscles (organs)

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18
Q

Hippocampus

A

plays a role in memory

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19
Q

Amyglada

A

plays a role in memory and emotion (particularly fear and aggression)

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20
Q

Hypothalamus

A

regulates hunger and thirst

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21
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

thinking and perceiving

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22
Q

Methods of the nervous system: imaging techniques

A

ct scans,MRI

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23
Q

Non-Conscious Processes (A)

A

any brain process that does not involve conscious processing e.g. breathing, walking, talking, and chewing gum

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24
Q

Preconscious Memories

A

memories accessible to consciousness only after something calls attention to them

25
Q

Subconscious Processing (A)

A

A store of information that was registered in memory w/o being consciously attended to ( most of this info does not make a permanent mark in memory)

26
Q

Unconscious

A

in classic Freudian theory, a part of the mind that houses unpleasant memories feeling and desires outside of our awareness and not easily accessible

27
Q

Circadian Rhythm

A

A rhythm of activity and inactivity lasting about 1 day

28
Q

Superachiasmatic nucleus

A

internal clock; regulates the secretion of the melatonin from the pineal gland

29
Q

Repair and restorative theory

A

the purpose of sleep is to enable the body to recover from exertions of the day

30
Q

Evolutionary theory of sleep

A

to conserve fuel and to prevent us from walking into danger

31
Q

REM sleep characteristic *

A

muscles paralysis;desynchronized EEG ( short choppy waves i.e. activity);irregular respiration, heart rate and temperature, the person is asleep but the active, dreaming

32
Q

non-REM characteristic *

A

neuronal synchrony, slow regular respiration and heart rate and lower temp, have muscle tone, the person is asleep and the brain is less active

33
Q

Insomnia

A

the chronic inability to obtain the necessary amount or quality of sleep to maintain adequate daytime behavior ( a symptom not a disorder)

34
Q

Sleep Apnea

A

fail to breathe for a minute or longer and then wake up gasping for breath

35
Q

Periodic limb movement disorder

A

prolonged “creepy-crawly’ sensations in their legs, accompanied by repetitive leg movements strong enough to wake the person, especially during the first half of the night causes unknown

36
Q

Hypersomnia

A

excessive but unrefreshing sleep

37
Q

Narcolepsy

A

sudden attacks of the extreme, even irresistible, sleepiness even in the middle of the day. possibly caused by lack of or sensitivity to the chemical hypocretin

38
Q

Cataplexy

A

the muscular paralysis of REM sleep appears to occur at an inappropriate time (rare)

39
Q

Sleep paralysis

A

an inability to move just before the onset of sleep or upon waking in the morning (rare)

40
Q

Hypnogogic hallucinations

A

the person dreams while lying awake, paralyzed (rare)

41
Q

REM Without atonia (rare)

A

patients fail to exhibit paralysis during REM sleep in human, the disorder seems to be produced by damage to the brain stem

42
Q

Manifest content

A

the storyline of the dream

43
Q

Latent Content

A

the dreams real, but hidden meaning

44
Q

Activation synthesis theory

A

dreams begin with random electrical activation coming from the brainstem dreams then are the brains attempt to make sense of the synthesize this random activity

45
Q

Neurocognitive theory

A

treats dreams as just another example of thinking

46
Q

Hypnosis

A

a condition of increased suggestibility that occurs in the context of a special hypnotist- subject relationship

47
Q

Hypnosis (A)

A

cannot be forced to do things against their will;feats performed under hypnosis; i.e. you cannot do anything under hypnosis that you cannot otherwise do; hypnosis does not increase the accuracy of memory, in fact they are more likely to make things up

48
Q

Posthypnotic Suggestion

A

a suggestion to do or experience something particular after coming out of hypnosis. mainly for breaking bad habits *wear off over time

49
Q

Withdrawal effects (A)

A

as the drug leaves the brain and effects wear off the person experiences the opposite of the initial effects

50
Q

Tolerance (A)

A

after someone has taken a drug repeatedly, its effects grow weaker and weaker unless the dosage is increased

51
Q

Physical dependence (A)

A

someone who feels compelled to take the drug to reduce unpleasant withdrawal symptoms

52
Q

Psychological dependence (A)

A

a strong receptive desire for something without any accompanying physical withdrawal

53
Q

Addiction (A)

A

the need to have the drug is overwhelming a main focus of life

54
Q

Stimulants

A

drugs that boost energy, heighten alertness, increase activity and produce a pleasant feeling e.g. amphetamine, cocaine, ritalin, caffeine and nicotine

55
Q

Depressants

A

drugs that predominantly decrease arousal (when different depressants are taken together the effects are additive therefore dangerous)

56
Q

Benzodiazepines’s

A

sedative effect muscle relaxant (valium, xanax,klonipin,acivan)

57
Q

Narcotics

A

produce drowsiness and insensitivity to pain

58
Q

Hallucinogens (A)

A

drugs that induce sensory distortions and produce feeling or unreality

Psychology (4 decks)

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