Exam 2 Prep Flashcards
What are the health-related components of fitness?
Cardiorespiratory endurance Muscular strength Muscular endurance Flexibility Body Composition
What is cardiorespiratory endurance?
It refers to the bodies’ ability to maintain movement for an extended period of time
How can cardiorespiratory endurance be tested?
Can be tested through maximal or sub-maximal VO2 testing such as the treadmill test which is done in a testing clinic, where they hook you up to recordings etc. . Another, more simpler way could be through the use of the beep test
How does good cardiorespiratory endurance impact movement efficiency?
Good cardiorespiratory endurance impacts fitness as it means that the body can work at higher intensities for longer, without fatigue or at least it will delay fatigue.
Lack of fatigue —> athlete technique maintenance
What is muscular strength?
It is a measure of the maximal amount of force that a muscle can produce in one contraction
How does good muscular strength impact movement efficiency? Give an example
A greater strength means that less effort is required to produce particular movements (stronger person finds it easier to lift a 40kg barbell than a weaker person).
It also helps increase the biomechanical efficiency of the bodies movements, especially through allowing for stabilisation to take place (100m develop core strength to stabilise their torso when sprinting to increase force output and maintain better streamline)
Is testing cardiorespiratory endurance a good prediction of performance? Give examples of when it is useful and not useful.
Good prediction for performance in aerobic based sports, mainly ones that do not rely heavily on skills. However, prediction of performance starts to fall away as the sport becomes more reliant on skill. I.e. someone who has a good beep test score may not necessarily be good at soccer
Would be helpful in marathons, cycling, triathlons or long distance swimming
How can muscular strength be tested
This can be measured through 1 rep max testing (I.e. lifting your max deadlift), as well as using dynamometers
Is testing muscular strength a good prediction of performance? Give examples of when it is useful and not useful.
Similar to cardiorespiratory endurance testing, it is only a useful prediction for performance to a certain extent, and it will start to fall away as the sport becomes more reliant on skill. However the 1RM testing is effective testing for the sport of weightlifting (which is kinda skill), it won’t be helpful for a basketballer
What is muscular endurance? How is it different to muscular strength?
Muscular endurance is a muscle’s or group of muscle’s ability to repeat a set of specific movements over and over again. This is different to muscular strength as strength is one rep at maximum muscular contraction, whereas muscular endurance is the ability for multiple sub-maximal muscular contractions to occur.
How can muscular endurance be tested?
Measured by testing how many times an athlete can perform a certain movement in a set time. I.e. Amount of pushups or situps done in a minute
Is testing muscular endurance a good prediction of performance?
As with many of the health-related components of fitness, testing is often done and used to set
a baseline that must be met by the athlete before skill-related components of fitness are
developed along with technique, and other aspects. Thus, it is a good prediction of a ‘base’ for performance, but not actual good performance in a team sport
What is flexibility?
Flexibility refers to the range of motion/movement at your joints and your body’s ability to move freely. Flexibility is joint and muscle(group) specific
Why is flexibility good? (5)
Helps prevent injury Improve posture Decrease back pain Maintain healthy joints Improve balance through movement
How does flexibility impact movement efficiency? Give an example
It assists movement efficiency as the body can perform better with better technique when moving. This better technique is improved through allowing for a more fluid movement that flow through the appropiate planes oof motion
Better technique –> greater force development –> efficient transfer of force into motion
Is testing flexibility a good prediction of performance?
It can be very helpful in predicting performance for sports which require great flexibility. Such as dancing and gymnastics. However, similar to the rest of the fitness related components, it is only helpful in other sports if used in conjunction with other forms of skill
How can flexibility be tested?
Sit and reach test
What is body composition?
Body composition focusses on a persons percentage body fat, but also used to determine bone, muscle and water composition percentages
How can body composition be tested? (5)
It can be tested through the use of several tests such as:
Skin fold testing Underwater weighing Bioelectrical independence Dexa scanning Bod Pod
Is body composition a good prediction of performance?
No, not really. Just because someone may be lean, it does not mean that they will perform better than someone who may not be as lean in a triathlon. It is dependent on other fitness and skill factors of performance
How does body composition relate to movement efficiency? Give examples
Although body composition does relate to movement efficiency, it changes according to each sport. For example having a high body composition might be good for sumo wrestling, but it may have a negative impact on sprinting performance
What are the skill related components of physical fitness?
Power Speed Agility Coordination Balance Reaction time
What is the general correlation between skill related components of physical fitness and movement efficiency?
Generally they have a positive correlation, where when skill related components of physical fitness are improved, there will be an improvement in movement efficiency.
What is power?
Power is defined as an amount of work done in a particular time, where work is the product of force on an object
Greater power will also mean the athlete can complete set amounts of work at
a faster rate.
How is power tested?
Highest vertical jump or broad jump measures the power in legs
How does power relate to movement efficiency?
Many sports require power over strength or speed on its own, this is because power related to acceleration which is nearly always used in sports
Greater power will also mean the athlete can complete set amounts of work at a faster rate.
Is power a good predictor of performance?
It is a relatively good predictor of performance, this is because it relates to skills which are required in many sports (improves acceleration which is the amount that distance changes in relation to time), It is helpful in many sports where fast movements are required. However, good power does not directly mean good performance, as technique is still required to maintain performance
What is speed?
Speed is the distance at which something travels in a set period of time, and is usually measured in m/s or km/hr. It is measured by dividing distance by time
What sports is speed important in?
Sprinting Swimming Rugby Baseball and more
How does speed relate to movement efficiency?
The faster the athlete can move, the better they will perform. In relation to efficiency, high speed will frequently require high energy consumption and
result in fatigue.
How is speed tested?
It could be tested through a 50m sprint or a speed gun
Is testing speed a good predictor of performance?
It can be. It just has to be specific to the sport which is performed. I.e., if the sport only requires you to run 10m, there is no point in testing a 100m sprint
What is agility?
Agility is a combination of speed, power, balance and reaction time. Formal definition is: ‘A rapid whole body movement with change of velocity or direction in response to a stimulus’
How is agility tested?
For agility to be tested efficiently, the athlete must not know what’s about to happen. For it to be effectively tested, there needs to be a stimulus that occurs, which results in the change in velocity. Such as stimulus is normally a defender or object in sports performance.
