Exam 2 Practice Questions Flashcards
During muscle contraction, calcium ions bind to ______.
troponin
Each T tubule is flanked by two _______.
terminal cisterns
How many somatic motor neurons stimulate one muscle fiber?
1
What type of contraction involves the development of tension but no change in length?
isometric
During muscle contraction, a single myosin head consumes ATP at a rate of about _________ ATP per second.
5
Which of the following is true concerning isotonic eccentric contraction?
The muscle lengthens but tension remains constant.
Shortening a muscle while it maintains constant tension is called _______.
an isotonic contraction
Which fibers are primarily responsible for producing lactate?
Type IIB fast glycolytic fibers
Where is dystrophin, the protein that is defective in muscular dystrophy, normally found?
Between the outermost myofilaments and the sarcolemma of a muscle fiber
All muscle types will respond to an electrical stimulus because all muscle cells are _____.
excitable
Athletes who train at high altitudes increase their red blood cell count, which increases their oxygen supply during exercise. Increased oxygen supply results in _______.
longer aerobic respiration
In skeletal muscle, the term that describes the alternating light and dark bands is ________.
striations
The minimum stimulus needed to cause muscle contraction is called the ______.
threshold
Which muscle type depends solely on the sarcoplasmic reticulum as its calcium source?
skeletal muscle
80% of the lactate produced by skeletal muscle is converted to pyruvate by the _______.
liver
Which of the following best describes the resting membrane potential (RMP)?
The intracellular environment is negatively charged.
Aerobic respiration produces a net yield of approximately _________ ATPs per glucose.
32
What is a motor unit?
All of the muscle fibers innervated by a single motor axon
The sarcolemma of a resting muscle fiber is most permeable to ________.
potassium
Why is the contraction strength of smooth muscle relatively independent of its resting length?
It does not have sarcomeres.
You hear a loud noise behind you and look back over your left shoulder. Which of the following is true?
This was a contralateral contraction of your right sternocleidomastoid muscle.
The ________ is a group of muscles that extend the knee and all insert on the patella.
quadriceps femoris
The ________ muscle’s action is to aid in both hip and knee flexion.
sartorius
The patella is connected to the tibia via the _______
patellar ligament
The __________ muscle is the only muscle of the quadriceps femoris group that flexes the hip.
rectus femoris
Which of the following muscles is innervated by the obturator nerve?
Gracilis
Inhaling requires one to enlarge the thoracic cavity by ________ the diaphragm.
contracting
The diaphragm attaches to a structure called the ____.
central tendon
The ______ muscles, between the ribs, assist in inspiration and expiration.
intercostal
When the _______ muscle contracts, it flattens out slightly, compressing the abdominal cavity.
diaphragm
A baseball pitcher who injures one of their SITS muscles most commonly sustains tears to the tendon of which muscle?
supraspinatus
Downward slippage of the humeral head when relaxed may indicate an injury to the _______ muscle.
supraspinatus
The lesser tubercle of the humerus is the distal skeletal attachment site for the _______ muscle.
subscapularis
The occipital and frontal bellies of occipitofrontal are connected via the __________.
galea aponeurotica
What is a retinaculum?
A band of connective tissue that covers and stabilizes a group of tendons
The semitendinosus is an example of what muscle shape?
fusiform
Which of the following muscles is responsible for medially rotating the tibia on the femur when the knee is flexed?
semitendinosus
Which one of these muscles helps to open the mouth (depress the mandible)?
diagastric
Which of the following is an intrinsic muscle of the hand?
Adductor pollicis
Which of the following muscles attaches on the head of the fibula?
Biceps femoris
What is the action of the orbicularis oris?
Closes and protrudes lips as in kissing
The action for the vastus lateralis muscle is to _______ the knee
extend
Unilateral contraction of which muscle causes ipsilateral flexion of the lumbar vertebral column?
Quadratus lumborum
Which of the following muscles is the prime mover for inhalation?
diaphragm
One example of a multiaxial joint is the _______ joint.
humeroscapular
In a symphysis, bones are held together by which of the following?
fibrocartilage
While cupping your hands to hold water, in order to limit the amount leaking through your fingers you would need to perform which action?
adduction of the fingers
When you walk up the stairs, your hip and knee joints _________ to lift your body weight.
extend
Which structure attaches a muscle to bone and helps stabilize a synovial joint?
tendon
Unlike other joints, a _________ does not join two bones to one another.
gomphosis
When two bones join together and fuse so that no visible separation occurs, it is referred to as a(n) ________, or bony joint.
synostosis
Bones that join together and are held in place with threads of collagen form a joint that is called a(n) ________.
synarthrosis
Bones joined together with cartilage between the ends of the bones form a joint called a(n) _________.
amphiarthrosis
The most complex joints are called ________ joints. They display varying amounts of mobility.
synovial
Twisting a bone along its longitudinal axis toward the midline of the body is ________.
medial rotation
Twisting a bone along its longitudinal axis away from the midline of the body is ________.
lateral rotation
Rotation of the forearm, as if you’re asking someone to hand you money or slap down on your hand, is called ____.
supination
Rotation of the forearm, as if you’re turning over a can to empty it, is called ____.
pronation
Movement of the thumb to approach and touch the fingertips is called ______.
opposition
The epiphysis and diaphysis of a long bone in a child are bound by a ________.
synchondrosis
Raising an arm to one side of the body to stop a taxi is an example of _________ of the shoulder.
abduction
With the elbow and wrist extended, painting a circle on a canvas requires _________ of the shoulder.
circumduction
Drawing the shoulders anteriorly, or protruding the mandible outward, is _______ of the scapulae or mandible.
protraction
Pulling the shoulders back, as in sticking out your chest, is _______ of the scapulae.
retraction
Making a conical motion with a limb, as in drawing a circle, is called _____.
circumduction
If you stand on tiptoes to reach something high, you are performing ________ at the ankle.
plantar flexion
The joint between the first costal cartilage and the sternum is a _________, whereas the other costal cartilages are joined to the sternum by _________ joints.
synchondrosis; synovial
The union of the proximal and middle phalanges form _______ joints.
hinge
Which of the following is true regarding joints that are first-class levers?
Their mechanical advantage may be either greater or less than 1.0
T or F:
The joint between the bodies of two vertebrae is an example of a symphysis joint.
True
Movement that tips the soles laterally
eversion
Movement that tips the soles medially
inversion
Movement that turns the palms anteriorly or upward
supination
Movement that turns the palms posteriorly or downward
pronation
Movement in which a bone spins on its longitudinal axis
rotation
Movement in which one end of an appendage remains stationary while the other makes a circular motion
circumduction
A(n) ______ is a sac of fluid associated with a synovial joint.
bursa
Which cranial bones are separate right and left bones at birth but generally fuse by the age of 5?
Frontal bone and mandible
Sinuses are absent from which bone?
temporal
Which of the following is not found on a typical vertebra?
vertebral head
Which of the following bones is adjacent to both the coronal and lambdoid sutures?
parietal bone
Spines of the _________ form part of the pelvic outlet.
ischium
One hand of an adult has _________ bones.
27
The manubrium is part of what bone?
sternum
Which of the following are not considered facial bones?
parietal
Which of the following bones is found in the palm of your hand?
metacarpals
In a herniated disc, the ring of fibrocartilage called the _________ ruptures and the _________ oozes out.
anulus fibrosus; nucleus pulposus
