Exam 1 Practice Questions Flashcards
How would the genetic inheritance of a gene producing abnormal gap junctions affect muscle tissue?
Cardiac muscle and some smooth muscle would function abnormally. Skeletal muscle would be unaffected.
A tissue found at surfaces, composed of one or more layers of closely adhering cells, is called _________ tissue.
epithelial
Which tissues can be described as excitable because they are able to respond to outside stimuli by changing their membrane potential?
nervous and muscular
Which of the following is not a feature of epithelia?
abundant extracellular matrix
What are the four primary types of tissue?
Epithelial, muscular, connective, nervous
An epithelium with a single layer of tall cells would be classified as which type of epithelium?
simple columnar epithelium
Tissue found in the _______ that contains ________cells is called nervous tissue.
brain; excitable
Layers of closely packed cells that are found covering or lining body surfaces, as in the ________ of the skin, are called _________ tissue.
epidermis; epithelial
_________ tissue consists of excitable cells that are specialized for _______ and found in the heart.
Muscle; contraction
_______ tissue usually has more matrix than cells. Some forms of this are bone, adipose, and blood.
connective
All cells in _________ epithelium reach the basement membrane, but only cells that reach the free surface have cilia.
pseudostratified columnar
Blood functions to _________________
transport nutrients to tissues
Which of the following is not a feature that connective tissues have in common?
Ground substance with a gelatinous to rubbery consistency
The presence of collagen
The presence of fibroblasts
A calcified matrix
Very conspicuous fibers
a calcified matrix
During removal of a lump from a patient’s breast, a surgeon wants to know if they have gotten all of a cancerous mass or not. Which type of biopsy would they send to the pathologist?
Excisional biopsy
Which type of connective tissue is abundant in the walls of arteries, and in the airway?
elastic tissue
Most glands are enclosed in a fibrous
capsule
The glands are divided into _______ by _________
lobes; connective
The glandular tissue is supported and organized by the ________, made of ________ tissue
stroma; connective
The _______, typically made of ________ tissue, carry out the functions of the gland.
parenchyma; epithelial
Neurons usually have multiple short, branched processes called _________, which receive signals from other cells and conduct messages to the _________.
dendrites; cell body
Why are injections frequently administered into the hypodermis?
The subcutaneous tissue is highly vascular.
Because it houses many nerve endings and sensory organs, the skin is responsible for much of our _______
sensation
Through vasodilation in times of excessive heat, and vasoconstriction during times of cold, the blood flow to the dermis aids the body through ________
Thermoregulation
Skeletal muscle attachments to facial structures produce a wide variety of expressions and ___________ with other individuals
product nonverbal communication
Which cell is only found in the stratum spinosum and the stratum granulosum?
dendritic cells
Skin covering the _________ has sweat glands but no hair follicles or sebaceous glands.
fingertips
Dendritic cells located in the epidermis function to support the ________ system by detecting and alerting the body to infectious or harmful agents.
lymphatic
Accessory structures of the skin, such as nose hairs, serve the __________ system by providing a mechanical filter against large objects entering the body.
respiratory
Active forms of vitamin D, as produced by the skin, improve the absorption of calcium from the _______ system
digestive
As secreted in sweat, the skin aids the _______ system in ridding the body of metabolic wastes and excess electrolytes.
urinary
Most of the skin is _________ mm thick.
1 to 2
A(n) _________ would not involve damage to the structures that comprise the skeletal system.
ruptured calcaneal (Achilles) tendon
Red bone marrow does not contain _______
yellow bone marrow
Which of the following best describes osseous tissue?
A connective tissue with a hardened matrix that makes up bone
The thin layer of slightly denser spongy bone that separates an adult’s epiphysis from the diaphysis is called the _______
epiphyseal plate
Sunlight contacting the epidermis converts _________ Correctto vitamin D3, otherwise known as cholecalciferol
7-dehydrocholesterol
Transported via the blood to the liver, ________ is converted to calcidiol.
cholecalciferol
Calcidiol returns to the blood once again where transport to the kidneys then allows the final conversion to ______
calcitriol
Now in the most active form, calcitriol acts to ________ blood calcium by acting on three target organs: 1) the small intestine, 2) skeleton, and 3) ________
increase; kidneys
The ____________ are found deep in the diaphyses of long bones and are filled with yellow marrow in the adult.
marrow cavities
Located in the middle of osteons, the __________ contain the blood vessels and nervous supply of the compact bones.
central canals
Filled with ________, which are osteoblasts encased in matrix, _________ are found between layers of concentric lamellae.
osteocytes; lacunae
Osteocytes maintain contact with neighboring osteocytes in adjacent lamellae via dendrite-like extensions through ________
canaliculi
What would you find in the marrow cavity of the diaphysis of an adult humerus?
yellow bone marrow
________ is/are found in compact bone but not spongy bone.
central canals
The spaces found within the concentric lamellae are called _________, and they contain _________.
lacunae; osteocytes
Synthesized by the combined action of the skin, kidneys, and liver, _________ promotes bone resorption but is also necessary for bone deposition.
calcitriol
Which of the following does not put women at risk for hypocalcemia?
Removal of the thyroid gland
The expanded ends of a long bone are called the
epiphyses
It is common to find _________ in compact bone, but they are not seen in spongy bone.
central canals
A long bone is covered externally with a sheath called the _________, whereas the marrow cavity is lined with the _________.
periosteum; endosteum
Humans are theorized to have descended from ancestors that were ________ or tree-dwelling creatures.
arboreal
The ability of the thumb to cross over the palm and contact the smallest digit describes ________ functionality
opposable
Due to the adaptation of opposition, _________ function allowed a species the ability to grasp, and thus to better cling, to branches.
prehensive
An adaptation of the eyes, resulting in a large portion of the visual field being seen in duplicate, allowed for _______ vision. Visual inputs from two slightly different positions in space allowed for depth perception and increased maneuverability in the trees.
stereoscopic
As human ancestors transitioned to terrestrial existences, _________ developed. This allowed for greater altitude of observation while on the ground and the ability to use the hands and arms for carrying objects during locomotion.
bipedalism
Glands that have branched ducts and secretory cells that form sacs at one end of the ducts are classified as _______ glands
compound acinar
Which of the following is not a type of fibrous connective tissue?
hyaline cartilage
Which of the following is not a function of simple columnar epithelium?
filtration
The general term for glands that secrete their products directly into ducts is ______
exocrine
Glands that have lost contact with a body surface are called _________, and secrete their products into capillary rich interstitial spaces for quick distribution throughout the body.
endocrine
Glands that have a branched duct are known as _______
compound
Exocrine glands that are devoid of branches are referred to as ________ glands
simple
When glands have dilated, pouch-like endings, they are referred to as _______ glands
acinar
Glands often have secretory cells located in the duct as well as the acinus. These are referred to as ________ glands
tubuloacinar
Which of the following is not a function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
lower blood calcium
Which one of the following bone cells would have the greatest number of lysosomes?
osteoclasts
To help regulate body calcium levels, bone has two reserves. The disadvantage of the stable reserve is that it __________
cannot easily be exchanged or released into the tissue fluid
