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Pharmacology > Exam 2 part 2 antiepileptic, parkinson's, opiates, CNS stimulants > Flashcards

Exam 2 part 2 antiepileptic, parkinson's, opiates, CNS stimulants Flashcards

1
Q

used to treat grand mal and partial seizures but not petit mal by inhibiting Na+ channels in brain

A

phenytoin- toxicity: teratogenic (fetal hydrantoin syndrome); life threatening rash (Stevens-Johnsons disease)

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2
Q

drug of choice for partial seizures; acts on Na+ channels; induces P450

A

carbamazepine toxicity: blurred vision, drowsiness, fetal effects (spinebifida), apastic anemia

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3
Q

used for all but petit mal; activates GABAergic neurons; sedation; induces P450

A

Phenobarbital (a barbituate)

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4
Q

activates GABAergic neurons to treat seizures

A

diazepam (a benzodiazepine)

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5
Q

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; may increase CO2 in brain to decrease activity; used in treatment of seizure

A

acetazolamide (also a diuretic)

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6
Q

drug of choice for petit mal; inhibits Ca2+ channels in CNS; GI upset and drowsiness

A

ethosuximide- a succinimide

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7
Q

for all seizure types; multiple mech. decrease GABA breakdown and increase synthesis toxic: GI upset, CNS sedation, tremors, potentially fatal hepatitis; fetal damage

A

sodium valproate

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8
Q

agents used to treat partial seizures that act on GABA

A

topiramate gabapentin tigabine vigabatrin

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9
Q

agents used to treat partial seizures that act on Na+ channels

A

lamotrigine zonisamide rufinamide lacosamide

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10
Q

agent used to treat partial seizures that acts on Ca2+ channels

A

pregabalin

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11
Q

agent used to treat partial seizures that acts on K+ channels

A

ezogabine

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12
Q

agent used to treat partial seizures that blocks glutamate activity

A

perampanel

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13
Q

treatment of Status Epilepticus

A

diazepam given IV

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14
Q

MAOB inhibitor used to slow progression of Parkinson symptoms

(2 of them)

A

Segeline- metabolized into methamphetamine

and

Rasagiline

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15
Q

treatment for Parkinson’s

used with a DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor

SE- nausea, postural hypotension, hallucinations, confusion, dyskinesia, worsens closed angle glaucoma

A

L DOPA plus carbidopa

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16
Q

COMT inhibitors for Parkinson’s

A

tolcapone

and

entacapone

(both alway used with L-DOPA)

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17
Q

Stimulates DA2 receptors

s.e.-nausea, hallucinations, hypotension

used to treat Parkinson’s

A

bromocryptine

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18
Q

DA agonist used to treat restless leg syndrome

notes in Parkinson’s section

A

pramipexole

and

ropinirole

19
Q

DA agonnist for Parkinson’s treatment given with a patch

A

rotigotine

20
Q

DA agonist given by injection; causes severe nausea

treatment of Parkinson’s

A

apomorphine

21
Q

muscarinic blockers that restore DA/ACh balance in parkinson’s

se-memory loss and hallucinations

A

trihexyphenidyl and benztropine

22
Q

antiviral agent that increases release of stored DA

insomnia and restlessness can result

used to treat imbalance of DA and ACh found in Parkinson’s

A

amantadine

23
Q

High Potency

First generation antipsychotics

strong affinity for D2 receptors; some affinity for H1 (histamine) receptors

A

haloperidol

and

pimozide

24
Q

Low Potency

First generation antipsychotics

strong affinity for D2 receptors; some affinity for H1 (histamine) receptors

A

thioridazine

chlorpromazine

fluphenazine

perphenazine

prochlorperazine

trifluoperazine

thiothixene

25
Q

“atypical” newer antipsychotics

act on D2 receptors + H1 receptors + 5HT receptors

A

aripiprazole

quetiapine

loxapine

asenapine

clozapine

olanzapine

risperidone

iloperidone

paliperidone

lurasidone

ziprasodone

26
Q

First generation antidepressants

tricyclic

inhibit NE reuptake

A

imipramine

and

amitriptyline

27
Q

Second generation antidepressants

SSRI’s selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

A

fluoxetine

sertraline

paroxetine

fluvoxamine

citalopram

escitalopram

vilazodone

vortioxetine

28
Q

Third generation antidepressants

SNRI’s

selective norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake inhibitors

A

venlafaxine

duloxetine

milnacipram

desvenlafaxine

29
Q

other antidepressant agenets

A

buproprion

nefazodone

mirtazapine

30
Q

monamine oxidase inhibitors

antidepressants

-don’t take with indiract acting amine → hypertensive crisis

A

tranylcypromine

phenelzine

isocarboxazid

31
Q

drugs to treat bipolar (manic) depression

A

phenothiazine

haloperidol

32
Q

decreases NE release

may alter glutamate metabolism

used to treat bipolar (manic) depression

may cause edema

A

lithium

33
Q

Natural opiate analog used parenterally because of first pass effect

A

Morphine

34
Q

partial agonist with low antinociceptive effects

natural opiate analog

antitussive effect

A

codeine

35
Q

5x as effective as morphine;

semisynthetic agent

synthesized as a cure for morphine addiction

A

heroin

36
Q

other semisynthetic opiate agonists

A

hydromorphone- 10x potency

Oxycodone- oral form; partial agonist w/ .5x potency

37
Q

synthetic analogs of opate receptors

A

Fentanyl- 80 to 100x potency

Sufentanil- 500-600x

Alfentanil- 500-600x

remifentanil- 500-600x

38
Q

Synthetic analog opiate agonist

no pupil constriction

half as potent as morphine

A

Meperidine

39
Q

Partial opiate agonist

A

Pentazocine

40
Q

Opiate receptor blockers

antagonists

A

Naloxone

Naltrexone

Methylnaltrexone

41
Q

Agents that act as both narcotics and SSRIs

A

Tramadol

Tapentadol

42
Q

CNS stimulants that are reuptake inhibitors

A

modafinil

armodafinil

43
Q

other CNS stiumulants that inhibit DA reuptake

A

dexmethylphenidate

methylphenidate- used for ADD

44
Q

THC containing drugs used for their antiemetic and appetite stimulant effect

A

dronabinol

nabilone

Pharmacology (3 decks)

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