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pharmacology > Exam 2 part 1 ethanol- anti anxiety > Flashcards

Exam 2 part 1 ethanol- anti anxiety Flashcards

1
Q

mechanism of ethanol

A

inhibits (excitatory) glutamine pathway
excites GABAergic pathway
may activate DA pathway

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2
Q

inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase

A

disulfiram

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3
Q

decreases craving for ethanol

A

acomprosate

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4
Q

specific inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase

A

fomepizole- used to treat methanol poisoning

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5
Q

gas at room temp; MAC>100; rapid induction/recovery

A

nitrous oxide- complications include megaloblastic leukemia and leukopenia

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6
Q

halogenated hydrocarbon inhaled anesthetics

A

“fluranes”- isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane

-can result in malignant hyperthermia

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7
Q

barbituates; bind to and activate GABAergic neurons; action is terminated by redistribution from brain

A

methohexital

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8
Q

most commonly used parenteral anesthetic; increases GABAergic activity
rapid onset; short duration
antiemetic

A

propofol

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9
Q

analog of phencyclidine; dissociative anesthesia; inhibits glutamate neuron; short induction/duration

A

ketamine

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10
Q

very rapid- non analgesic; conscious sedation; high TI; activates GABA receptors

A

etomidate

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11
Q

benzodiazepine that enhances activity of GABAergic neurons; IV general anesthetic

A

midazolam

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12
Q

functional group that gets local anesthetic into membrane

A

aromatic group

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13
Q

functional group that gets ionized once local anesthetic gets into membrane

A

amino group

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14
Q

repeated use of an epidural anesthetic can lower pH and cause _____?

A

tachyphylaxis

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15
Q

ester linked local anesthetic that is used in ophthalmic and nasal surgery; inhibits NE reuptake in CNS

A

cocaine- strong vasoconstrictor

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16
Q

low solubility local anesthetic used topically

A

benzocaine

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17
Q

short half life local anesthetic that doesn’t readily pass through mucous membranes so is not used topically

A

procaine

18
Q

local anesthetic used IV for cardiac arrhythmia; lupus-like syndrome in slow acetylators;

A

procainamide- amide linkage LA

19
Q

amide linked LA also used IV for arrhythmias; CNS side effects of tremors, slurred speech, drowsiness

A

lidocaine

20
Q

other amino amide linkage Local anesthetics

A 
articaine
mepivacaine
bupivacaine
prilocaine
ropivacaine
etidocaine
21
Q

irreversible Na+ channel blocker; muscle weakness, respiratory paralysis; local anesthetic

A

Tetrodotoxin

22
Q

muscle weakness, respiratory paralysis; “red tide”

local anesthetic

A

saxitoxin

23
Q

antispastic drug; GABA agonist; increased activity of inhibitory neurons

A

Baclofen

24
Q

increase GABA; antispastic

A

Diazepam

25
Q

alpha 2 agonist; may inhibit motor neurons; antispastic drug

A

Tizanidine

26
Q

blocks ACh release; antispastic uses

A

botulinumtoxin

27
Q

can be used to treat malignant hyperthermia; inhibits release of Ca2+ for muscle;

A

Dantrolene- SE: muscle weakness and hepatitis

28
Q

anxiolytics; benzodiazepines primarily used to treat anxiety (longer duration)

A 
chlordiazepoxide ("pam"s and "lam"s)
diazepam
alprazolam
clonazepam
clorazepate
oxazepam
lorazepam
29
Q

benzodiazepines used primarily to treat insomnia (shorter duration)

A 
flurazepam
temazepam
estazolam
quazepam
triazolam
30
Q

anxiolytic given IV used in general anesthesia

A

midazolam

31
Q

benzodiazepine receptor blocker; given IV because of first pass metabolism. can be used to quickly reverse effects

A

flumazenil

32
Q

non benzodiazepine hypnotics; act by binding to subunits of the benzodiazepine receptor

A

zolpidem
zaleplon
eszopiclone

33
Q

alpha 2 agonist; induces sleep

sedation without respiratory depression

A

dexmedetomidine

SE: hypotension, bradycardia

34
Q

anxiety partial 5HT agonist
no sedative or hypnotic effects
slow onset
no interactions with benzodiazepines and ethanol

A

buspirone- a non benzodiazepine hypnotic

35
Q

barbituates with 3-4 hour duration

A

pentobarbital

secobarbital

36
Q

barbituates wtih 6-8 hour duration

A

butabarbital

amobarbital

37
Q

barbituate with 10-16 hour duration

A

phenobarbital

38
Q

barbituates vs benzodiazepines

A

barbituates have 10x more efficacy than benzodiazepines but lower potency; much greater efficacy at enhancing GABA action

39
Q

melatonin receptor agonist; no effect on GABA; helps maintain normal circadian sleep rhythms

A

ramelteon- SE: somnolance and fatigue; long term use leads to testosterone synthesis; synergistic with ethanol

40
Q

antihistamine sleep inducer?

A

dipheuhydramine- don’t use heavy machinery

pharmacology (3 decks)

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