Exam 2 part 1 ethanol- anti anxiety Flashcards
mechanism of ethanol
inhibits (excitatory) glutamine pathway
excites GABAergic pathway
may activate DA pathway
inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase
disulfiram
decreases craving for ethanol
acomprosate
specific inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase
fomepizole- used to treat methanol poisoning
gas at room temp; MAC>100; rapid induction/recovery
nitrous oxide- complications include megaloblastic leukemia and leukopenia
halogenated hydrocarbon inhaled anesthetics
“fluranes”- isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane
-can result in malignant hyperthermia
barbituates; bind to and activate GABAergic neurons; action is terminated by redistribution from brain
methohexital
most commonly used parenteral anesthetic; increases GABAergic activity
rapid onset; short duration
antiemetic
propofol
analog of phencyclidine; dissociative anesthesia; inhibits glutamate neuron; short induction/duration
ketamine
very rapid- non analgesic; conscious sedation; high TI; activates GABA receptors
etomidate
benzodiazepine that enhances activity of GABAergic neurons; IV general anesthetic
midazolam
functional group that gets local anesthetic into membrane
aromatic group
functional group that gets ionized once local anesthetic gets into membrane
amino group
repeated use of an epidural anesthetic can lower pH and cause _____?
tachyphylaxis
ester linked local anesthetic that is used in ophthalmic and nasal surgery; inhibits NE reuptake in CNS
cocaine- strong vasoconstrictor
low solubility local anesthetic used topically
benzocaine