Exam 2 pain Flashcards
Equifinality
multiple factors may produce an outcome
multifinality
a process may have different outcomes
social support
refer to the various forms of help, aid, and assistance individuals give and receive
components of the pain experience
sensory: where is it? how does it feel?
Affective component: how unpleasant is the pain? how motivated are you to remove it? (activated by social stress)
revised fustration-aggression hypothesis
aversive stimulation brings about aggressive behavior
nociceptor
a sensory neuron that detects potentially harmful stimuli, such as heat, pressure, or chemicals, and sends signals to the brain to create the sensation of pain
the pain reflex
the pain withdrawl is a rapid, unconscious response to danger or injury. mediated by spine’s grey matter
remove arm from stove before it registers as hot
pain is impacted by
tissue damage, mood, activity and stimulation, cognition and thinking, social interaction
pain circle
distress -> pain -> disability -> avoidance -> repeat
analgesia
the relief of pain
endogenous opioids
neurotransmitters in the body that modulate pain transmission
(spinal cord, peripheral nervous system, brainstem, other areas)
opiates
opium, morphine, and other medications act on these receptors to inhibit pain signaling
what is triggered by social stress?
opioids (b-endorphins)
____ levels of ____ ____ = greater ____ ___
high
anger expression
chronic pain
____ anger expression linked to less _____ _____
high
effective opioids for pain relief
