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Animal Nutrition > Exam 2- Overweight/ Obese Patients > Flashcards

Exam 2- Overweight/ Obese Patients Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ, it produces cytokines that result in immunomodulation and inflammation.

A

True

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2
Q

Important diseases of cats and dogs that are probably linked to obesity.

A 
Metabolic abnormalities
Cardiorespiratory dz
Orthopedic disorders
Urogenital disorders
Neoplasia 
Decreased immune function
Increased anesthetic risk
Decreased lifespan
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3
Q

Which of the following is not a disease linked to obesity?
A) Glucose intolerance
B) Osteoarthitis
C) Tracheal collapse
D) Mammary carcinomas
E) All of the above may be linked to obesity

A

E

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4
Q

T/F: Weight reduction programs often succeed even with the owner isn’t 100% cooperative.

A

False- must have 100% owner cooperation

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5
Q

List the causes of obesity

A

Dietary factors= more palatable food (^ fat), free choice, scraps, begging
Neutering= reduces metabolic rate by 25%
Inactivity
Aging: 7 y/o may require up to 20% less calories than a young dog
Endocrine dzs ie hypothyroidism
Competition: in multi animal households
Genetics: labs, cockers, beagles; mixed breed cats vs purebred; interaction of environment and a genetic predisposition to accumulate adipose tissue

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6
Q 
Which of the following is not a cause of obesity?
A) Neutering
B) Choice of food
C) Activity
D) Aging
E) Genetics
A

C- should be inactivity

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7
Q

Success of weight- reduction programs depends on:

A
  1. O compliance
  2. Friendly feeding plan
  3. Increase exercise
  4. Monitoring (SOAP)
  5. Maintaining target weight
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8
Q

T/F: Though it varies for the individual, between 20-30% BF is ideal for pets.

A

FALSE- 15-20%

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9
Q 
Which of the following describes an overweight patient?
A) >10% optimal weight
B) >15% optimal weight
C) >20% optimal weight
D) >25% optimal weight
A

B

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10
Q 
Which of the following describes an obese patient?
A) >20% optimal weight
B) >25% optimal weight
C) >30% optimal weight
D) >45% optimal weight
A

C

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11
Q

T/F: Most owners already recognize that their dogs are overweight.

A

False- one study showed that 31% of owners did not recognize that their animals had a weight problem

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12
Q

Which of the following is not a method in determining an animal’s optimal weight?
A) Looking at their history and determining a weight when they were younger and looked more ideal
B) Body condition scoring
C) Morphometric measurements
D) Research techniques such as MRI, CT, hydrodensitometry
E) Comparing an animal of a similar body type

A

E

although breed societies have ball park figures that can be used (I didn’t really state this in E though )

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13
Q

The goal of the diet formulated by the veterinarian for weight loss is:
A) For the animal to drop as much weight as fast as possible
B) For the diet to provide fewer calories but still meet the other nutrient requirements
C) To increase lean body mass loss
D) To decrease the metabolism

A

B

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14
Q 
What is the optimum rate for weight loss per week?
A) 2 lbs
B) 4% of body weight
C) 1 lb
D) 2 % of body weight
A

D

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15
Q

T/F: If an animal loses >2% body weight/week metabolism can slow and they can lose lean body weight which is not desirable.

A

True

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16
Q

T/F: During weight loss, about 25% of the weight lost is from lean body weight and not just adipose.

A

True

17
Q

Which of the following statements is correct in regards to adjusting the diet for weight loss?
A) Less of the normal food should be given
B) A diet higher in fat and lower in fiber should be given
C) A diet higher in fiber and protein and lower in fat should be given.
D) Increased amounts of Na should be added to the diet.

A

C
For D, it is wrong because a decreased amount of Na should be added as these animals have a tendency towards hypertension

18
Q

What are the ranges of fiber, fat, and protein that should be present in a weight loss diet for dogs?

A 
Fiber= between 12-25% (normal diet only has <5%)
Fat= less than 10%
Protein= > 25%
19
Q

What are the ranges of fiber, fat, and protein that should be present in a weight loss diet for cats?

A 
Fiber= 10-20%
Fat= less than 10%
Protein= 47-55%
20
Q

Which of the following is the reason for feeding over 30% energy from protein for weight loss?
A) To decrease hunger
B) To maximize post prandial thermogenesis and minimize lean body mass loss
C) To increased muscle mass
D) All of the above

A

B

21
Q

T/F: Carbohydrates used in weight loss diets should have a high glycemic index and be no greater than 40% of dry matter in dogs and 20% in cats.

A

False- LOW glycemic index

22
Q 
Which of the following is added in order to promote nitrogen retention and help prevent break down of AAs?
A) L carnitine
B) Conjugated linoleic acid
D) Fiber
D) Fat
A

A

23
Q 
Which of the following is added because it may have an anti-adipogenic effect, meaning it blocks fat synthesis?
A) L carnitine
B) Conjugated linoleic acid
D) Fiber
D) Fat
A

B

24
Q

What are added in order to combat oxidative stress seen in obesity and during weight loss?

A

Antioxidants> Vit E, C, and Se

25
Q 
Which of the following is the best way to replace treats?
A) Playing
B) Grooming
C) Exercising
D)  All of the above
A

D

26
Q

T/F: Feeding high fiber and low fat diets free choice is recommended.

A

False- not recommended, recommendation= feed small amounts 2-4 x/day

27
Q

Why is adding exercise an important factor in weight loss other than burning calories?

A

25% of weight loss is in lean tissue> exercise can help reduce this loss by stimulating lean tissue formation> muscle= metabolically active and should be at least maintained

28
Q

Two brisk ___ minute walks a day have been recommended for dogs.

A

20

29
Q

How do we ensure that the owner is able to follow the new diet and exercise plan?

A

Specific feeding recommendations, schedule, initial weight, target weight, exercise schedule, and a progress graph should be provided in a clear written format for easy reference> and make use of brochures

30
Q

What is an ideal interval between visits to monitor progress?

A

2 weeks

31
Q

Why is it a good idea to include morphometric monitoring during weight loss rechecks?

A

Decreases in BW may be disappointing as fluid and GI fill can alter weight significantly

32
Q

What is the recommended increase in calories per week in order to achieve a stable weight once the ideal weight is reached?

A

increase by 10%/week until weight is stable

33
Q

T/F: Less than a teaspoon of typical dry cat food above a cat’s daily requirements can make the cat put on up to a pound of extra bw in a year.

A

True

34
Q

Slentrol (Dirlotapide) is a selective MTP inhibitor. It reduces fat absorption but mainly works via release of peptide YY and causes satiation. Apart from the side effects, what is a downside to using this pill for weight loss?

A

Once the pill is taken away the animal will gain weight> it does not actually help prevent the problem

Animal Nutrition (3 decks)

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