Exam 2: Osteology- Vert Column & Upper Limb

Question 1

What is considered the axial skeleton?

Answer 1

Cranium plus Vertebral Column

Question 2

How many osteological elements are in the vertebral column for each respective region?

Answer 2

7 cervical vertebrae 12 thoracic vertebrae 5 Lumbar vertebrae 5 Sacral vertebrae 4 Coccygeal vertebrae

Question 3

Which section of the spinal column consist of fused vertebrae?

Answer 3

Both the sacrum and coccyx contain fused vertebrae

Question 4

Explain the degree and curvature for each vertebral division.

Answer 4

Cervical 2˚ Lordosis Thoracic 1˚ Kyphosis Lumbar 2˚ Lordosis Sacral 1˚ Kyphosis

Question 5

What is the reason for the spinal column having its distinctive curvature?

Answer 5

It allows for the load to be placed over the hips

Question 6

What are the primary and secondary curvatures?

Answer 6

Primary: 1. Thoracic 2. Sacral Secondary: 3. Cervical 4. Lumbar

Question 7

What movement is allowed by the cervical Vertebral column

Answer 7

flexion & extension; lateral flexion; rotation (greatest range of motion for entire vertebral column)

Question 8

Thoracic outlet syndrome can have man causes. In relation to skeletal development, what could be a cause?

Answer 8

An extra rib, or pair of ribs, arising from the 7th cervical vertebra.

Question 9

Not including osteological development, what are possible pathologies for Thoracic outlet syndrome?

Answer 9

Fractured clavicle extra muscle or scar tissue in the region of the scalene muscles poor posture of the neck and shoulder anomalous anatomical variation involving muscles and/or vasculature Can occur in different areas

Question 10

What movements are allowed by the thoracic vertebral column?

Answer 10

Rotation, lateral flexion is limited, flexion & extension are prevented.

Question 11

What are the bones of teh upper limb?

Answer 11

• clavicle
• scapula
• humerus
• radius
• ulna
• carpals
• metacarpals
• proximal

Question 12

What muscles are attached to the spine of scapula?

Answer 12

• deltoid
• trapezius
  *

Question 13

What muscles are attached to the Medial (vertebral) border of scapula?

Answer 13

• serratus Anterior
• rhomoid major
• rhomboid minor
• levator scapulae (superior angle)
• Latissimus dorsi (inferior angle)
  
  • only a few fibers attach

Question 14

What muscles attach to the Lateral (axillary) border of scapula?

Answer 14

• Teres Minor
• Teres Major

Question 15

What are the glenoid attachments?

Answer 15

• Supraglenoid Tubercle
  
  • long head of biceps brachii
• infraglenoid tubercle
  
  • long head of triceps brachii

Question 16

What are the anterior and posterior muscles of the rotator cuff?

Answer 16

• Anterior
  
  • subscapularis (subscapular fossa)
• Posterior
  
  • supraspinatus (supraspinous fossa)
  • infraspinatus (infraspinous fossa)
  • teres minor (lateral/axillary border)

Question 17

The head of the humerus articulates with the _______

Answer 17

Glenoid of scapula

Question 18

The lesser tuberlce of the humerus is for_________

Answer 18

attachment of subscapularis

Question 19

What three muscles of the rotator cuff attach to the greater tubercle?

Answer 19

• supraspinatus
• infraspinatus
• teres minor

Question 20

What goes through the bicipital groove (intertubercular sulcus)?

Answer 20

long tendon of biceps brachii

Question 21

The deltoid muscle will attach to this point on the humerus?

Answer 21

deltoid tuberosity

Question 22

The midshaft of teh humeral shaft is an attachment for _________ and ___________ muscles.

Answer 22

coracobrachialis, brachialis

Question 23

The distal humerus provides articulation with these two bones to form the elbow joint.

Answer 23

radius and ulna

Question 24

What does the medial epicondyle proved origin points for?

Answer 24

wrist and finger flexors

Question 25

what does the lateral epicondyle provide orgin points for?

Answer 25

wrist and finger extensors