Exam 2: Osteology- Vert Column & Upper Limb Flashcards
What is considered the axial skeleton?
Cranium plus Vertebral Column
How many osteological elements are in the vertebral column for each respective region?
7 cervical vertebrae 12 thoracic vertebrae 5 Lumbar vertebrae 5 Sacral vertebrae 4 Coccygeal vertebrae
Which section of the spinal column consist of fused vertebrae?
Both the sacrum and coccyx contain fused vertebrae
Explain the degree and curvature for each vertebral division.
Cervical 2˚ Lordosis Thoracic 1˚ Kyphosis Lumbar 2˚ Lordosis Sacral 1˚ Kyphosis
What is the reason for the spinal column having its distinctive curvature?
It allows for the load to be placed over the hips
What are the primary and secondary curvatures?
Primary: 1. Thoracic 2. Sacral Secondary: 3. Cervical 4. Lumbar
What movement is allowed by the cervical Vertebral column
flexion & extension; lateral flexion; rotation (greatest range of motion for entire vertebral column)
Thoracic outlet syndrome can have man causes. In relation to skeletal development, what could be a cause?
An extra rib, or pair of ribs, arising from the 7th cervical vertebra.
Not including osteological development, what are possible pathologies for Thoracic outlet syndrome?
Fractured clavicle extra muscle or scar tissue in the region of the scalene muscles poor posture of the neck and shoulder anomalous anatomical variation involving muscles and/or vasculature Can occur in different areas
What movements are allowed by the thoracic vertebral column?
Rotation, lateral flexion is limited, flexion & extension are prevented.
What are the bones of teh upper limb?
- clavicle
- scapula
- humerus
- radius
- ulna
- carpals
- metacarpals
- proximal
What muscles are attached to the spine of scapula?
- deltoid
- trapezius
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What muscles are attached to the Medial (vertebral) border of scapula?
- serratus Anterior
- rhomoid major
- rhomboid minor
- levator scapulae (superior angle)
- Latissimus dorsi (inferior angle)
- only a few fibers attach
What muscles attach to the Lateral (axillary) border of scapula?
- Teres Minor
- Teres Major
What are the glenoid attachments?
- Supraglenoid Tubercle
- long head of biceps brachii
- infraglenoid tubercle
- long head of triceps brachii
What are the anterior and posterior muscles of the rotator cuff?
- Anterior
- subscapularis (subscapular fossa)
- Posterior
- supraspinatus (supraspinous fossa)
- infraspinatus (infraspinous fossa)
- teres minor (lateral/axillary border)
The head of the humerus articulates with the _______
Glenoid of scapula
The lesser tuberlce of the humerus is for_________
attachment of subscapularis
What three muscles of the rotator cuff attach to the greater tubercle?
- supraspinatus
- infraspinatus
- teres minor
What goes through the bicipital groove (intertubercular sulcus)?
long tendon of biceps brachii
The deltoid muscle will attach to this point on the humerus?
deltoid tuberosity
The midshaft of teh humeral shaft is an attachment for _________ and ___________ muscles.
coracobrachialis, brachialis
The distal humerus provides articulation with these two bones to form the elbow joint.
radius and ulna
What does the medial epicondyle proved origin points for?
wrist and finger flexors
what does the lateral epicondyle provide orgin points for?
wrist and finger extensors
