Exam 2 Obstructive Uropathies Flashcards
What is hydronephrosis
dilation of renal pelvis and calyces associated with progressive atrophy of kidney due to obstruction of outflow of urine
unrelieve obstruction of kidneys can lead to what
hydronephrosis and atrophy
What are extrinsic causes of obstructive uropathyies
congenital anomalies, urinary caliculi, BPH, Tumors, inflammation, sloughed papillae or blood clots, pregnancy, uterine prolapse and cystocele, functional disorders like neurogenic spinal cord damage
What are Sx from b/l urinary partial obstruction
polyuria and nocturia
also inability to concentrate urine
What are Sx from b/l urinary complete obstruction
oliguria or anuria
incompatible with life
after tx for complete urinary obstruction what can happen
post surgery diuresis
what population is most affected by urolithiasis
men
5-10%
peak onset 20-30
What are the 4 main types of stones
calcium-70%
triple/struvite stones-15%
uric acid stones 5-10%
cystine stones 1-2%
when kidney stones enter ureter what can they cause
intense colic pain, ulceration and bleeding or ureter
obstruction of flow
What are the 3 top predisposing conditions foR calcium oxalate stones
idiopathic hypercalciuria-50%
hyperuricosuria-20%
no known metabolic abnormality15-20%
what is the most common cause of uric acid stone formation
idiopathic
what size are kidney stones that enter ureter
0.2-0.3 cm
what is the main determinant of stone formations
increased urinary concentration of stone constitutents that concentration exceeds solubility in solution (supersaturation)
what are the 2 main types of kidney stones (composition)
calcium oxalate and phosphate
Magnesium ammonium phosphate
most common finding in patients with calcium oxalate stones is what
idiopathic hypercalciuria
