Exam 2 Cystic diseases of kidney Flashcards

1
Q

What are the cystic diseases of the kidneys

A

simple cyst, medullary sponge kidney, adult onset nephronophthisis, familial juvenile nephrophthisis, multicystic renal dysplastic kidney, ADPKD, ARPKD, cystic tumor

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2
Q

What cystic diseases are autosomial dominant

A

adult polycystic disease, adult onset nephrophthisis

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3
Q

what cystic diseases are autosomal recessive

A

infant childhoos poycystic disease

familial juvenile nephrophthisis

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4
Q

what is the inheritance of medullary sponge kidney? simple cysts?

A

none and none

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5
Q

what is the inheritance of multicystic renal dysplasia

A

none

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6
Q

What is the clincal presentation of adult polycystic disease

A

asymptomatic until renal insufficiency
hematuria, flank pain, UTI, renal stones, HTN
always b/l
enlarged kidneys on palpation

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7
Q

What are the 2 mutations that can cause adult polycystic diseaseq

A

PKD 1 more common and worse prognosis
PKD2
encode for polycystin 1 and 2

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8
Q

what age group is adult polycystic disease manifesting in

A

40-60 yrs

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9
Q

PKD1 has a faster progression in which population

A

black males

esp with sickle cell trait

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10
Q

What is the biggest concern for those with adult polycystic disease

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage from intracranial berry aneurysm

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11
Q

What are the subcategories of infantile polycystic disease? most common?

A

perinatal, neonatal, infantile and juvenile

perinatal and neonatal are most common and present at birth and die quickly usually

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12
Q

what is the mechanism of death for perinatal polycystic disease? cause?

A

hypoplastic lungs

cause is >90% collecting ducts are cysts

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13
Q

what are clinical features of infantile and juvenile polycystic disease

A

hepatic fibrosis

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14
Q

are children is polycystic kidney disease put on transplant list.

A

usually no because have developed such bad portal HTN and esophageal varices, splenomegaly
risk>benefit

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15
Q

What mutation is associated with childhood polycystic disease

A

PKHD1 encoding fibrocystin on chromosome 6p21-23

locailzed to primary cilium of tubular cells

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16
Q

how do we know that cysts in polycystic disease are from collecting duct originally

A

cuboidal epithelium

17
Q

what is the gross description of medullary sponge kidneys

A

multiple cystic dilations of collecting ducts in medulla
papillary ducts also dilated with small cysts
the cysts are lined by cuboidal epithelium

18
Q

what are some clinical signs of childhood polycystic disease?

A

hematuria, UTIs and recurrent renal stones

19
Q

What is the Tx for medullary sponge kidney

A

no need- benign

20
Q

What is the most common genetic cuase of ESRD in children and young adults

A

familial nephronphthisis

21
Q

What are the mutations associ with familial nephronophthisis

A

NPH1,2,3

22
Q

Majority of nephronophthisis is what type

A

familial

then aporadic

23
Q

What is the cause for the most common palpable mass in abdomen

A

sporadic nephronophthisis

24
Q

what is the morpholgy of nephronophthisis

A

corticomedullary cysts with shrunken kidneys

glomeruli are usually well conserved

25
Q

What genes are associated with adult nephronophthisis? and what is inheritance pattern?

A

MCKD1 and 2

Autosomal dominant

26
Q

What is the inheritance an mutations associated with renal -retinal dyspalsia form of nephronopthisis

A

autosomal recessive
children
NPHP1 though NPHP11
JBT S2,3,9,11

27
Q

What chromosome encodes PKD 1? PKD2?

A

PKD 1 is 16p13.3

PKD 2 is 4q13-p23

28
Q

what are the significant extra renal manifestations of adult polycystic disease

A

25% mitral valve prolapse
82% divericular disease of colon
cysts in pancrease, spleen and lungs

29
Q

what do those with nephonophthisis present with

A

polyuria and polydipsia

30
Q

where are simple cysts found?

A

cortrical spaces

31
Q

What do simple cysts look like

A

transluced with gray smooth membrane filled with clear fluid
membranes are simple cuboidal epithelium
kidneys normal size

32
Q

what is presentation of simple cysts

A

hematuria if hemorrhage in cysts
avascular and may have weird radiogrpahic shadows
must be differentiated from tumors

33
Q

What are the cysts like in acquired cystic disease

A

cortical and medullary cysts
contain clear fluid with hyperplastic or flattened tubular epithelium
usually have Ca-oxalate crystals

34
Q

what is clinical presentation of acquired cystic renal disease

A

been on dialysis, most are asymoptomatic
hematuria with RBC if cysts bleed
75% develop RCC in wall of cysts

35
Q

what is Tx for acquired cystic disease

A

dependent on dialysis

can go on kidney transplant list

36
Q

What is the most common congenital renal cystic disease

A

non familial congenital unilateral multicystic renal dysplasia

37
Q

What causes non familial congenital unilateral multicystic renal dysplasia

A

failure of ureteric bud to reach renal blastema during development ( 90% have agenesis or a ureter or uteropelbic obstruction)

38
Q

What are hte pathologic findings of non familial congenital unilateral multicystic renal dysplasia

A

extensive multiple cysts with intervening mesenchyme

no development of glomeruli