Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nursing 2 > Exam 2 - neuromuscular/musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Exam 2 - neuromuscular/musculoskeletal Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Nursing Mental Health flashcards Nursing Management of Care flashcards NCLEX-PN® flashcards NCLEX-RN® flashcards Nursing Fundamentals flashcards Nursing Pediatrics flashcards Nursing Safety & Infection flashcards Nursing Pharmacology flashcards Nursing Maternity flashcards Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) flashcards
1
Q

Neural tube defects (3 kinds)

A

spina bidifia occulta
meningocele
myelomeningocele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

spina bifida occulta

A

defective vertebrae bodies with NO PROTRUSION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

spina bifida occulta has…

A

no protrusion, hair patch, small back dimple, discoloration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

spina bifida occulta TX:

A

will close with time; surgical intervention if does not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Meningocele is…

A

little to no neural problem, with small protrusion (meninges herniate through defect in vertebrae)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

meningocele TX:

A

surgical intervention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

myelomeningocele is…

A

large protrusion that happens in utero; neural tubes fail to close, leaving an external sac that encases the meninges, spinal fluid, and spinal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

myelomeningocele TX

A

surgical intervention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

myelomeningocele risks

A

seizures
meningitis
hypoxia
hemorrhage
paralysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

myelomeningocele linked to…

A

maternal drug/alcohol use
malnutrition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the spinal cord ends…

A

WHERE THE MYELOMENINGOCELE BEGINS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

odd finding for myelomeningocele

A

latex allergy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pectus excavatum

A

also known as funnel chest; when sternum goes inward; leaves oblong dimple midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

pectus excavatum S/S

A

SOB
withdrawal from physical activities
poor body image

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

pectus excavatum TX

A

surgical intervention depending on severity (preferably before puberty b/c skeleton is more pliable)

PT to help correct musculoskeletal defect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

pectus carinatum

A

sternum goes outward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

pectus carinatum S/S

A

decreased exercise tolerance
tachycardia
recurrent respiratory infections
wheezing/coughing
chest pain
fatigue/dizziness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

pectus carinatum TX

A

bracing while still young

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

clubfoot

A

one or both feet; foot twisted out of shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

clubfoot TX

A

series of casts in different phases to correct defect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

metatarsus adductus

A

metatarsal bones deviated inward; only affects one foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

metatarsus adductus TX:

A

series of casts in different phases to correct defect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

polydactyly

A

extra digits; either center, preaxial, postaxial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

preaxial

A

extra digit on thumb side (radial side)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

postaxial

A

extra digit on pinky side (ulnar side)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

polydactyly TX

A

surgical intervention to have extra digit removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Syndactyly

A

webbing of the skin, and possible fusion of bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

simple syndactyly

A

joined by skin and soft tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

complex syndactyly

A

underlying bones joined together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

complicated syndactyly

A

extra bones and abnormal tendons and/or ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

dysplasia of hips

A

dislocation of the hip joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

dysplasia of the hips TX

A

Pavlik harness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

pavlik harness rules

A

NEVER REMOVE UNLESS INSTRUCTED TO DO SO BY PROVIDER
do not apply lotion, otherwise can cause maceration of the skin
supine for sleep
diaper goes under harness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

torticollis

A

preferential turning of head and stiffening of neck when laying down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Tibia Vara

A

idiopathic structural defect of the legs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

tibia varum

A

bow legged , knees spread apart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

tibia valgum

A

knees touched; X shaped legs

38
Q

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

A

bone disorder that results in low bone mass, increased fragility of bones, connective tissue problems

39
Q

Osteogenesis Imperfect S/S

A

BLUE SCLERA
brittle teeth
mutiple fractures
hearing loss
joint hyper mobility

40
Q

Osteogenesis Imperfecta TX

A

surgical intervention to decrease fractures and maintain mobility
splints/braces for breaks
insertion of rods
PT/OT to prevent contractures and maximize mobility

41
Q

Osteogenesis Imperfecta medications

A

biphosphonate (for moderate to severe OI) to slow to loss of existing bone

42
Q

Muscular Dystrophy

A

GENETIC DISORDER: motor neuron disease that affects spinal nerve communication with muscles

43
Q

Muscular Dystrophy complication

A

muscles lose function over time d/t misuse –> atrophy; progressive

44
Q

Duchenne

A

diagnoses early in childhood; fatal, generalizes weakness, muscle wasting, limbs and trunk go first

45
Q

Becker

A

similar to Duchenne but less severe; not fatal
DXed at ages 2-16

46
Q

congenital muscular dystrophy

A

present at birth; generalized muscle weakness, joint deformity. contractures, hypotonia

47
Q

emory dreifuss

A

weakness, wasting of shoulders, upper arms, shins

48
Q

limb girdle

A

DXed teens to middle age; weakness and wasting away of pelvic girdle

49
Q

fascioscapulohumeral

A

DXed late childhood to early teens; facial muscles weaken first, then upper arms

50
Q

Myotonic

A

DXed teens to adulthood
generalized weakness, wasting of the face, feet, neck, hands
delayed relaxation of muscles after contractures

51
Q

Muscular Dystrophy TX

A

administer analgesics for pain management
passive strengthening and stretching exercises
manage elimination
maintain cardiopulm. function (deep breathing and CPT)

52
Q

spinal atrophy

A

motor neurons are affected –> muscles cannot respond to signals from the nerves –> atrophy d/t inactivity

53
Q

Rickets

A

softening and weakening of bones

54
Q

Rickets complications

A

nutritional deficiencies d/t inadequate consumption of calcium and vitamin D, inadequate exposure to sunlight
body cannot regulate calcium and phosphorus in appropriate balance –> chronic renal disease

55
Q

Rickets TX

A

calcium and phosphorus supplements
vitamin D supplements

56
Q

slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)

A

femoral head dislocated from shaft of femur
if chronic, may lead to shortening of affected leg and atrophy

57
Q

SCFE TX

A

needs early surgical intervention to decrease long term deformity (prevents slippage, minimize deformity, avoid complication of future fractures)

58
Q

legg-calves-perthes disease

A

condition where femoral head temporarily loses blood supply (avascular necrosis) –> femur collapses –> area becomes inflammed

59
Q

legg-calves-perthes S/S

A

limping
pain or stiffness of hip, groin, thigh
limited ROM of hip
pain that worsens with activity and improves with rest

60
Q

legg-calves-perthes TX

A

surgical intervention - femoral ostomy (reorients the femoral head to fit perfectly into hip socket)
should be done at ages 18-24 months

61
Q
A
62
Q

transient synovitis

A

inflammation of hip d/t infection; most common in children ages 3-8

63
Q

transient synovitis S/S

A

limping
refusal to bear weight
low grade fever
previous viral infection

64
Q

transient synovitis TX

A

complete rest (typically lasts for weeks, some 3-6 weeks)
NSAIDS to decrease inflammation

65
Q

Cerebral Palsy

A

disorder of movement, muscle tone
most common disorder in childhood; longlong impairment

66
Q

CP S/S

A

motor impairments
spasticity
muscle weakness,
ataxia (lack of coordination of muscle movements during voluntary muscle movements)
abnormal brain functions (NOT PROGRESSIVE)

67
Q

CP complications

A

mental impairments
seizures
growth problems
impaired vision and hearing
abnormal sensation or perception
hydrocephalus (abnormal buildup of CSP in ventricles of brain)

68
Q

CP pathophysiology

A

damage to motor areas of the rain, resulting in neurologic lesion
lesion cannot change over time
considered nonprogressive since the brain cannot progress

69
Q

types of CP

A

spastic
dyskinetic (athetoid)
ataxic
mixed

70
Q

spastic CP description

A

permanent contractures and hypertonicity
hemiplegia
quadriplegia
di/paraplegia

71
Q

spastic CP TX

A

ORAL: baclofen, cantrolene sodium, diazepam
PARENTERAL: botulinim toxin, phenol block
SX: surgical placement of baclofen pumo, correction of deformities , placement of shunt if hydrocephalus present

72
Q

Dyskinetic CP description

A

abnormal involuntary movements
infant is limp and flaccid
uncontrolled, slow, worn-like writhing or twisting movements
affects all 4 extremities and involvement of head, face, neck
movements increase during periods of stress
dysarthria

73
Q

dyskinetic CP TX

A

anticholinergics (blocks and inhibits activity of acetylcholine <– helps decrease abnormal movements
scopalamine
glycopyrrolate

74
Q

Ataxic CP description

A

affects balance, depth perception
poor coodination
unsteady gait
wide based gait
motor milestones and language skills delayed

75
Q

SCOLIOSIS description

A

lateral curvature of spine that exceeds 10 degrees
congenital, associated with disorder (neuromuscular), or idiopathic

76
Q

idiopathic scoliosis

A

cause unknown

77
Q

neuromuscular scoliosis

A

associated with neurologic or muscular disease like…
CP
myelomeningocele
spinal cord tumors
spinal muscular atrophy
muscular dystrophy

78
Q

congenital scoliosis

A

results from anomalous vertebral development

79
Q

scoliosis pathophysiology

A

involved vertebrae rotate around a vertical axis –> results in lateral curvature and asymmetry of the shoulder and waistline
vertebrae rotate on convex side, spinous process rotates on concave side

80
Q

scoliosis TX

A

braces (boston brace, milwaukee brace, nighttime bending brace)

81
Q

NEUROVASCULAR CHECKS INCLUDE

A

changes in gait
activity level compared to peers
recent trauma
poor feeding
lethargy
fever
weakness
alteration in muscle tone
history of developmental milestone
inspet/observe motor function, reflexes, sensory function
palpate muscle strength and tone
auscultate for adventitious lung sounds

82
Q

scoliosis post op care

A

neurovascular checks
log roll q2 hours
pain management (before repositioning and ambulation)
ABX prophylaxsis
assess drainage
strict I/O
EOM
ambulation done slowly
assess skin for redness, breakdown, inflammation
deep breathing and coughing q2

83
Q

neurogenic bladder is…

A

lack of bladder control d/t brain, spinal cord, nerve problems

84
Q

neurogenic bladder interventions

A

clean intermittent catheterization to promote bladder emptying

85
Q

neurogenic bladder meds

A

ditropan (oxybutin chloride)

86
Q

neuorogenic bladder SX

A

continent urinary reservoir or vesicotomy
(vesicotomy is small opening made in lower abd. just below umbilicus to allow urine to drain from opening)

87
Q

indications of spinal cord damage

A

numbness
tingling
weakless
paralysis (the higher the injury in the spinal cord, the more extensive the damage)

88
Q

HIGH SPINAL CORD INJURY BIG COMPLICATION

A

may damage phrenic nerve (phrenic nerve in the nerve that innervates the diaphragm –> can’t breath without assistance

89
Q

Spinal cord injury DX tests

A

radiograph
MRI
CT

90
Q

spinal cord injury cord TX

A

cervical traction
surgical intervention
ongoing therapeutic rehab post surgery

91
Q

fracture is…

A

broken bone

92
Q
A

Nursing 2 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions