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Exam 2 - Hematologic/Neoplasmic Flashcards

1
Q

Red blood cells are called

A

erythrocytes

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2
Q

White Blood cells are called

A

leukocytes

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3
Q

plateletes are called

A

thrombocytes

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4
Q

2 types of thalassemia are

A

alpha thalassemia
beta thalassemia

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5
Q

alpha thalassemia is…

A

issues with synthesis of alpha chain on Hgb

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6
Q

beta thalassemia is…

A

issues with synthesis of beta chain of Hgb

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7
Q

beta minor thalassemia is…

A

mild microcytic anemia

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8
Q

microcytic anemia is…

A

something effects bone marrows ability to create new RBCs; TX not necessary

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9
Q

beta intermedia needs…

A

child requires blood transfusions to maintain quality of life

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10
Q

what is thalassemia…

A

inherited trait where body does not produce enough Hgb

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11
Q

beta major needs…

A

ongoing medical attention, blood transfusions, chelation therapy

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12
Q

chelation therapy is…

A

iron reducing therapy (chelators bind to iron and transport out of body)

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13
Q

Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia Purpura…

A

immune response following infection where body produces antiplatelet antibodies, destroying body’s platelets

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14
Q

S/S of ITP

A

petechiae
purpura
bruising

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15
Q

petechiae

A

pinpoint red/cola colored rash d/t superficial hemorrhaging; NON BLANCHABLE

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16
Q

purpura

A

purple/ecchymotic; large areas of hemmorhage underneath the skin d/t leaking of blood vessels

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17
Q

TX of ITP

A

corticosteroids or IgG (IgG given only if life threatening)

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18
Q

what is IgG

A

Immunoglobulin G - most common type of antibody formed by B cells

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19
Q

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura

A

blood vessels become inflammed, typically after bacterial/viral infection; MALES

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20
Q

Henoch Schonlein Purpura S/S

A

abdominal pain
joint pain
purpura
vasculitis in skin/gut/kidneys

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21
Q

Henoch Schonlein Purpura TX

A

anticoags
Monitor Na levels –> can lead to HTN
IV therapy
corticosteroids (prednisone)
platelets
Analgesics

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22
Q

DIC stands for

A

Disseminated Intervascular Coagulation

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23
Q

DIC is…

A

activation of coagulation where thrombin is generated, fibrin id deposited, platelets are consumed

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24
Q

Causes of DIC

A

endotoxins
septic shock
necrotic tissue
injury

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25
DIC S/S
hematuria blood in stool blood at IV site, mouth, wound epistaxis blood from umbilical cord (newborn)
26
DIC TX
low dose heparin surgical intervention to find bleed
27
Why is heparin used to treat DIC?
heparin reduces consumption of platelets
28
Hemophilia A is...
Factor VIII deficiency --> bleeding into joints
29
Hemophilia A S/S
joint pain/swelling epistaxis bruising
30
Hemophilia A TX:
administer factor VIII supplement as prescribed If bleeding in joint - apply ice if bleeding in spine - apply pressure Desmopressin
31
Desmopressin
Antidiuretic; synthetic form of vasopressin vasoconstriction, fluid retention increases BP
32
Hemophilia B is...
factor IX definciency prolonged bleeding and oozing
33
Christmas disease is also known as
hemophilia B
34
Hemophilia B S/S
spontaneous epistaxis tar like stool hematuria coffee ground vomit bruising bleeding into joints
35
Hemophilia B TX
factor IX replacement therapy
36
Hemophilia C is...
factor XI deficiency inherited
37
Hemophilia C S/S
bleeding into joints heavy menses (if female) hematuria epistaxis
38
Hemophilia C TX
factor XI replacement therapy
39
von Willebrand Disease is...
blood doesnt clot properly; inherited disorder
40
von Willebrand S/S
easily bruised frequent nosebleeds menoragghia
41
von Willebrand TX
desmopression administer vWF (von willebrand factor) if bleeding does occur monitor I/O monitor fluid balance
42
Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is...
autosomal recessive disorder where RBCs are sickle shaped and sticky --> shorter life span --> decreased amount of Hgb
43
SCD complications
major vaso occlusive pain crises stroke sepsis cholestatis (reduced or stopped bile flow) gall stones delayed G&D
44
SCD S/S
increased incidence of bed wetting in children pain low H/H hypoxia FTT dizziness/fatigue
45
SCD TX
oxygen therapy IV hydration analgesics
46
SCD Diagnostic Tests
increase of reticulocytes HgB is 7-10 (11-14 in non SCD people) elevated ESR elevated platelet count peripheral blood smear (can visualize sickled RBC) abnormal LFT with elevated bilirubin
47
Thrombocytopenia is...
low platelet count
48
Thrombocytopenia S/S
easily bruised bleeding
49
Thrombocytopenia TX
give platelet products
50
Leukemia is
cancer of blood cells; bone marrow disease where normal elements are replaced w/ WBCs
51
Acute Lymphostatic Leukemia (ALL) affects...
B and T cells
52
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) affects...
production/death of blood cells; elevated amount of myeloid cells
53
myeloid cells are...
cells from bone marrow that will later form into specific type of blood cell
54
ALL/AML TX:
chemotherapy to eradicate leukemic cells
55
Hodgkins Lymphoma is...
malignant B lymphocytes grow in lymph tissues; could be linked to previous staph infection
56
hodgkins lymphoma S/S
enlarged visibly lymph weight loss malaise fatigue drenched night sweats anorexia fever
57
Non Hodgkins Lymphoma is...
leukemia that results from mutations in B and T cells that leda to uncontrolled growth
58
Non Hodgkins Lymphoma S/S
lymphocytes deep within body (not visible) facial edema veinous engorgement abdominal pain work/labored breathing diarrhea constipation
59
TX for Hodgkins and Non Hodgkins
chemotherapy
60
Medulloblastoma is...
tumor that is in the cerebellum; most common type of brain cancer in children
61
cerebellum is responsible for...
coordination, balance, movement
62
Medulloblastoma characteristics
Peaks at 5-10 y.o grows rapidly --> increased ICP highly malignant seeds on CNS pathways
63
Brain Stem Glioma
cancer of the brain stem
64
Brain stem glioma characteristics
aggressive difficult to resect resistent to chemo spreads widely in brainstem, but rarely to external brain affects cranial nerve function
65
Ependymoma
cancer of floor of 4th ventricle
66
Ependymoma characteristics
varying speeds of growth often causes hydrocephalus usually diagnosed before it spreads
67
Astrocytoma
cancer of thalamus, hypothalamus, cerebellum, cerebral hemisphere
68
Astrocytoma characteristics
slow course w/ insidious onset responsive to chemo/ resectable causes slowly increasing ICP low grade - resectable high grade - poor prognosis
69
SOME THINGS TO LOOK FOR WHEN IT COMES TO BRAIN CANCER
Strabismus, nystagmus, sunset eyes, head tilt, alteration in sensation, gait disturbance
70
Neuroblastoma is...
tumor on the adrenal glands
71
adrenal gland responsible for...
production and secretion of cortisol, aldosterone, epi, norepi, estrogen, testosterone
72
Osteosarcoma
cancer of bone marrow cells; most common in long bone of proximal humerus, proximal tibia, distal femur
73
Osteosarcoma TX:
removal or chemotherapy; radiation not helpful
74
Wilms Tumor
renal tumor type; idiopathic; only affects one kidney
75
Wilms Tumor DXed at..
ages 2-5
76
Wilms Tumor TX
surgical intervention for removal
77
Rhabdomysarcoma
cancer of the soft tissue; usually arises from embryonic or mesenchymal; diagnosed ages 2-5
78
Most common sites for rhabdomysarcoma...
head, neck, GU tract, extremities
79
Rhabdomysarcoma TX
surgical removal followed by chemo and radiation
80
Retinosarcoma is...
cancer of the eye
81
retinosarcoma characteristics...
highly malignant tumor that arises from embryonic retinal cells congenital diagnosed from infancy to age 5
82
retinosarcoma S/S:
leukocoria (white pupils)
83
retinosarcoma TX
chemotherapy for reduction
84
Population susceptible to sickle cell
HIV positive (r/t poorly screened blood transfusions) hepataitis
85
Iron deficient supplement
ferrous sulfate
86
ferrous sulfate side effects are
CONSTIPATION
87
what medicine is given WITH ferrous sulfate
colace
88
what type of medicine is colace
emollient laxative (increases amount of water stool absorbs in GI)

Nursing 2 (6 decks)

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