Exam 2: Neuro Assessment

Question 1

3 parts of the neuro system

Answer 1

1. CNS = brain and spinal
2. PNS = 12 cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves and branches
3. ANS

Question 2

4 parts of the brain

Answer 2

cerebrum
diencephalon
cerebellum
brainstem

Question 3

4 lobes of cerebrum

Answer 3

1. frontal
2. parietal
3. temporal
4. occipital

Question 4

frontal lobe function

Answer 4

primary motor
Broca’s speech center
voluntary speech center
reasoning and judgement

Question 5

parietal lobe function

Answer 5

understand sensation
spatial perception
propreoception (body position)
taste impulses for interpretation

Question 6

temporal lobe function

Answer 6

Wernicke’s language area (processing words)
auditory center
memory patterns

Question 7

occipital lobe function

Answer 7

primary visual center

Question 8

2 parts of diencephalon

Answer 8

1. thalamus

2. hypothalamus

Question 9

function of thalamus

Answer 9

relay station or central switchboard
receive input from spinal cord and brain stem
sorts, then sends to cerebral cortex

Question 10

function of hypothalamus

Answer 10

controls temperature, homeostasis, appetite, sleep, HR, BP
pituitary gland (hormones)

Question 11

function of cerebellum

Answer 11

balance

Question 12

3 parts of brainstem

Answer 12

midbrain, pons, medulla

Question 13

function of brainstem

Answer 13

breathing and respiratory
auditory
visual reflexes
swallowing
coughing

Question 14

function of spinal cord

Answer 14

primary pathway for messages travelling btwn peripheral areas and the brain

Question 15

function of cranial nerves

Answer 15

carry impulses to and from the brain

Question 16

Name all 12 cranial nerves

Answer 16

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1. Olfactory
2. Optic
3. Occulomotor
4. Trochlear
5. Trigeminal
6. Abducens
7. Facial
8. Auditory/Vestibulocholear
9. Glossopharyngeal
10. Vagus
11. Spinal Accessory
12. Hypoglossal

Question 17

function of cranial nerve 1
what is it when someone cant smell?

Answer 17

olfactory = smell

anosomia

Question 18

function of cranial nerve 2
assessment

Answer 18

optic = central and peripheral vision & eye movement
Snellen chart (concern about safety)

Question 19

function of cranial nerve 3
assessment

Answer 19

oculomotor = raise eyelids and eye movement

EOMs (whiskers test)

Question 20

function of cranial nerve 4

Answer 20

trochlear = down inward movement

Question 21

function of cranial nerve 5

Answer 21

trigeminal = chewing and sensations of facial skin, scalp, mucous membrane

Question 22

function of cranial nerve 6

Answer 22

abducens = lateral movement of the eye

Question 23

function of cranial nerve 7

Answer 23

facial = close eyes and taste

Question 24

function of cranial nerve 8
assessment

Answer 24

accoustic/vestibulocochlear = hearing and equillibrium

Webber/Rinne test

Question 25

function of cranial nerve 9

Answer 25

glossopharyngeal = speech and gag reflex

Question 26

function of cranial nerve 10

Answer 26

vagus = talking and swallowing - carotid body and sinus

Question 27

``` function of cranial nerve 11 assessment ```

Answer 27

spinal accessory = trapezius & stenocleidomastoid muscles shoulder drop and shrug

Question 28

``` function of cranial nerve 12 assessment ```

Answer 28

hypoglossal = skeletal muscles of tongue | stick out tongue

Question 29

2 parts of autonomic nervous system

Answer 29

1. sympathetic | 2. parasympathetic

Question 30

function of ANS

Answer 30

regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

Question 31

function of sympathetic NS

Answer 31

fight or flight

Question 32

function of parasympathetic NS

Answer 32

rest and digest

Question 33

assessment of nervous system

Answer 33

1. change in LOC 2. mental status, language, memory 3. 12 nerves 4. abnormal posturing 5. PERRLA 6. strength against resistance 7. cerebellar function 8. brain stem integrity

Question 34

assessing for LOC

Answer 34

A&Ox4 (person, place, time, short term memory)

Question 35

assessing for mental status, language, memory

Answer 35

long-term = when's your b-day short-term = what did you have for breakfast (can't recall short-term = something is wrong)

Question 36

assessing for 12 nerves

Answer 36

sensory, motor and reflexes

Question 37

assessing for abnormal posturing

Answer 37

``` decordicate = abnormal flexion (to the core) decerebrate = rigid extention ```

Question 38

assessing PERRLA

Answer 38

accommodation = constrict when light is in eye constricted = narcotics pinpoint = brainstem/pons damage (stroke) dilated bilaterally = hypoxia or meds (atropine - incr. ocular pressure) any sudden chng or inequality = RED flag w/ chng in LOC = HERNIATION

Question 39

how would you test corneal reflex?

Answer 39

take needleless syringe w/ air and express air gently toward the eye

Question 40

what is the Romberg test

Answer 40

tests cerebellar function | positive Romberg/cerebellar ataxia (when pt cant stand still w/ eyes closed)

Question 41

what is proprioception

Answer 41

awareness of body position

Question 42

what is pronator drift?

Answer 42

when testing for brain stem integrity, pt will have hands over head. weak side will start to "drift" with palm pronating (turning inward)

Question 43

testing DTR

Answer 43

look for muscle contraction - patella, biceps, triceps, achilles feet must be dangling

Question 44

lumbar puncture is contraindicated for who

Answer 44

↑ ICP | skin infection b/c it will penetrate into CSF

Question 45

position for lumbar puncture and post-op care

Answer 45

position: fetal position post-op care: bedrest, flat for 4-8 hrs to prevent leak from site spinal headache, spinal leak and movement (normal)