Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Path 2 > Exam 2- Neuro > Flashcards

Exam 2- Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Name this type of degenerative change and what 3 etiologies may cause it?

A

Chromatolysis- swelling of cell body and dissolution of nissl graneules with margination of nucelus

EMN, dysautomias, copper def

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is this type of injury and 3 causes of it?

A

Cytoplasmic vacuolation

lysosomal storage, BSE, TSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define Neuronphagia

A

Eaten by glial cells hallmark of some viral infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Does the CNS or PNS have a greater capacity to remylenation

A

PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define wallarian degeneration

A

concomitant degeneration of axon and sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Causes of wallerian degenration?

A

trauma- disk, wobblers, abscess

Toxin- lead poisoning

Axon Swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define gliosis

A

Proliferation of astrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Swelling of astrocytes is known as?

A

gemistocytes -cytoplasm of swollen cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which cells provide support, and the myelin sheath to axons within the CNS

A

Oligos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What to gitter cells do and what kind of cells are they?

A

phagocytize debris from injured cells

microglial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Function of microglial cells?

A

They are the smallest cells which function as immunosurveillance and phagocytosis/ag presentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the potential space around blood vessels?

A

Virchow Robin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is perivascular cuffing?

A

Site for cell traffic and accumulaton, is the hallmark of inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

4 causes of edema in the brain

A

Trauma, infectious, toxic or space occupying lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which cells are least sensitive to hypoxia?

A. Neurons

B. Microglia

C. Astrocytes

D. Oligodendrocytes

A

Microglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What type of cell is this that cleans up or mops up myelin?

A

Myelophage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the etiology and MDx?

A

Thrombotic menigioencephalitis

Histophilus somni

Fibrinonecrotizing vasculitis and thrombosis brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Most common post mortem change due to cerebral edema?

A

Cerebellar coning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

White matter softening?

A

Leukomalacia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Grey matter softening?

A

Poliomalacia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ecephalo means to involve the _____?

A

Brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Myelo is involving the ______?

A

Spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Infectious agents causing cerebellar hypoplasia?

A

BVD, Schallenberg virus , FPV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What nerve does listeria travel by?

Which part of the brain does it effect and consequence?

A

Trigeminal

brainstem, menigoencephalitils with microabscess, gliosis, perivascular cuffing NO’s, peridontis tooth erupt,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How does rabies spread?

A

Oflactory nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is seen in a brain with listeriosis

A

Menigoencephalitis with microabscesses

PERIVASCULAR CUFFING with neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

These four viruses are a cause of vasculitis

A

BMC

CAV

FIP

EHV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

In viral infections you will typically see these cells ?

A

Lymphocytes and plasma cells NOT Neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

A virus causing menigoencepalitis in sheep causing lympocyte cuffing?

A

Louping ill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

This virus causes grey matter inflammation of the brain and spinal cord this term would also be know as?

A

acute polioencephalomyelitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

This virus causes 3 types of encephalitis . One in particular effects the myelin. Name this virus and condition

A

Canine Distemper

Demyelinating encephalitis (leukoencephalitis)

2 others:

polioencephalitis

old dog encephalitis

33
Q

Pigs herpes virus? This causes these two Mdx’s in the brain?

A

Aujeszkys Disease

Necrotizing polioencephalomyelitis

ganglioneuritis

intranuclear inclusions

34
Q

This image is a HALLMARK for this virus in sheep and cattle?

Condition in sheep is called and cattle is called?

A

Sheep: Scrapie

Cattle: BSE

Causes vacuolation of Neruons

35
Q

This parasitic infection is know as staggers or circling disease?

A

Coenurus cereblias

36
Q

This infection is caused by _____a _______infection.

A

Toxoplasmosis

protozoal

37
Q

Acute Gid in c.Cerebalis occurs after this time period following _____

A

3-4 weeks after following ingestion, multiple parasites and malacia

38
Q

Chronic Gid occurs? And causes?

A

6 months post infection and causes large cysts, compression edema , hydrocephalus , bone softening..

Cerebrum most common location

39
Q

This protozal infection causes asymmetry of clinical signs, which helps you to differentiate from wobblers and herpes ?

A

EPM or equine protozoal encephalomyelitis

40
Q

What is the most common cause of verminous encephalomyelitis in horses?

A

Halicephalobus gingivalis and Stronylus vulgaris

41
Q

Parasite and Edx?

A

crytococcus neoformans

crytococcal meningo-encephalitis

42
Q

Congenital Sway back is caused by a deficiency in?

A

Copper deficiency during periods of myelination during 100-120 days of gestation

43
Q

Congenital Swayback causes _____ of the spinal cord, which are ___,____.

A

wallerian like degeneration

Bilateral and SYMMETRICAL

hydracephalus

44
Q

Delayed swayback happens at _-_ and a deficancy when?

A

1-2 months

copper deficincy at 2nd peak of myelination

45
Q

Animals with this may be seen stargazing?

A

Cerebrocortical Necrosis

lesions in the brain are difficult to diagnose

46
Q

Histologically in animals with cerebrocortical necrosis you will see?

A

Laminar necrosis of cerebral cortex, linear vacuolation

edema, gitter cells, cerebelar lesions

47
Q

Etiology of Cerebrocortical Necrosis

Disease in foxes , mink , cats, dogs?

A

Thiamine deficiency

sulfate?

bracken fern

chickens-vit e

Chastek paralysis - lesions in brain stem and hippocampus

fish diets

48
Q

Etiology of hound ataxia?

Histo?

A

Methionine deficiency- carcass diet needed

Myelin sheath swelling

49
Q

What would this histopahtology be seen with and what is it called? Hint it is PATHOGNOMIC in this condition

A

Salt poisoning in pigs

Perivascular cuffing - EOSINOPHILS

50
Q

How to you confirm and animal has lead poisoning ?

A

By looking at the kidney

51
Q

Focal Symmetrical encephalomalacia is associated with this bacteria?

A

C. perfinogens type D enterotoxemia

52
Q

In edema disease you would see ______ in the vessels and _____ in the brain ?

A

Fibrinoid necrosis and encephalomalacia

53
Q

Nigropallidal Encephalomalacia know as ______ in horses causes depletion of? Caused by ingestion centaurea solstitialis

A

chewing disease

depletes gluathione

54
Q

Define Dysautonmia

A

Degenerative changes in the autonomic ganglia; diseases of ANS

55
Q

Two Diseases causing dysautonomia ?

one in cats the other in horses

A

Key -Gaskell

Grass sickness

Resulting in chromatolysis and vacuolar degeneration in SNS and PSNS ganglia

56
Q

Cause of muscle weakness, atrophy and weight loss in horses?

A

Motor neuron disease

57
Q

Name this tumor?

A

Astrocytoma - most common

58
Q

This is the most common brain tumor in cats?

A

Meningioma- benign

59
Q

What is the name of this tumor?

A

Choroid plexus tumor

60
Q

This is a ____tumor and can result in these two things?

A

Diabetes insipidus and hyperadrenocorticism

61
Q

True or false this is cancer? What is the cause of this?

A

False it is a neuroma which is caused by a limb being ampuatated and aggregate of proliferating axons

62
Q

Toxic neuropathys cause?

Name 2 examples

A

wallerian degeneration

Grass sickness, Key Gaskell syndrome

63
Q

This is showing ? It can be caused by?

A

Cauda equina

EHV-1

64
Q

I am watching you..

A

Mareks disease, lymphosarcoma

65
Q

Cells that form the CSF

A

Ependymal cells

66
Q

?

A

Cerebellar coning a consequence of brain swelling

67
Q

What is this lesion and what is the cause of it from?

A

Malacia typical in protozoal infections

68
Q

This is an example of a ________?

A

lysosomal storage disorder -accumulation of ganglioside in cells in the brain causing vacculated cytoplasms and causes swelling of the brain

69
Q

Septic emboli are usually seen in _____animals due to ________?

A

Young animals-naval ill

usually from bacteria

70
Q

A result of septic embolis may be?

4 bacteria which cause it are?

A

Extreme abscessation- liquefactive necrosis

vegatative endocarditis

multiple abscesses

Haemphiilus Somnous, actinomyces, stap aureus. strep equi

71
Q

Meningitis is mainly seen in ______animals causing ____exudate in the leptomeninges

A

young animals,

fibrinpurulent exudate

tail biting, dehorning, prevotalla oralis isolated in the seal picture- clouds meningies

72
Q

Neosporum caninum causes these two things?

And causes what in cattle?

A

myelitis and myositis

abortion

73
Q

What is this disease?

A

focal symmetrical encephalomalacia

74
Q

What is the condition?

A

Leukoencephalomalacia with moldy corn toxicity

75
Q

Meningioencephalitis 5 ddx

A

Louping ill

equine encephalomyelitis

canine distemper

rabies

aujeskys

76
Q

Number one demylenating condition in the dog?

A

Canine distemper virus

77
Q

Cows have been going blind and BELLOWING what has happend to them?

A

Lead poisoning

78
Q

Hepatic encephaopathy in cattle is caused from?

A

Ragworth poisoing

Path 2 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions