Exam 2: muscle soreness and overtraining

Question 1

two most common theories for DOMS

Answer 1

muscle tissue tears

connective tissue tearing

Question 2

other theories for DOMS

Answer 2

osmotic pressure changes
muscle spasms
alterations in cells mechanism for calcium regulation
lactic acid

Question 3

what types of contraction is DOMS seen more with

Answer 3

eccentric

Question 4

Why is DOMs more common in eccentric contraction

Answer 4

-high levels of creatine kinase and myoglobin with increased intensity

Question 5

how to minimize DOMS

Answer 5

warm-up and static stretching
slow progression of training program
active cool down
fatiguing concentric contractions prior to maximal eccentrics

Question 6

signs of muscle fatigue

Answer 6

• pain, cramping or uncomfortable sensation in muscle
• tremors
• jerky active movements
• unable to complete full ROM
• substitution patterns/muscles
• inability to continue

Question 7

unexplained and persistent poor performance

Answer 7

over training sign

Question 8

General fatigue, depression, irritability, and sleep disburbance

Answer 8

over training sign

Question 9

elevated resting pulse, painful muscles, and higher susceptibility to upper respiratory infections and gastrointestinal disturbances

Answer 9

sign of over training

Question 10

fixed velocity with accommodating resistance

Answer 10

isokinetics

Question 11

advantages of isokinetics

Answer 11

• allows maximal dynamic loading of muscle throughout ROM and velocity spectrum
• accommodation to pain and fatigue
• decreased joint compressive force
• immediate feedback

Question 12

disadvantages to isokinetics

Answer 12

• expensive equipment
• inconvenient
• time consuming
• abnormal readings due to acceleration and deceleration of dynamometer
• not functional

Question 13

DAVIES TEST for isokinetics

Answer 13

10-15; max torque during rep 2-3; 90 sec min rest

Question 14

Strengths of Isokinetic testing

Answer 14

• relative strength
• bilateral strength testing
• work, power, ROM, reps, covariance

Question 15

Relative Contraindications of isokinetics

Answer 15

pain
effusion
joint instability
limited ROM
infection

Question 16

absolute contraindications

Answer 16

healing constraints
severe pain
extremely limited ROM
Significant effusion
acute strain

Question 17

Isokinetic Training of medium speeds and best carry over for power:

Answer 17

best carryover to power gains 90-120 degrees/sec

Question 18

best carry over for strength?

Answer 18

30-60

Question 19

best carry over for endurance?

Answer 19

240