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Exercise and Disease > Exam 2: aerobic exercise physiology > Flashcards

Exam 2: aerobic exercise physiology Flashcards

1
Q

T or F: Mitochondrial size and density decrease with aerobic training

A

F; increase

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2
Q

T or F; oxidative enzyme concentrations increase with Aerobic training

A

T

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3
Q

T or F: myoglobin concentration and capillarization in muscle bed increase with aerobic exercise

A

T

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4
Q

T or F: arteriovenous oxygen difference and muscle myoglobin decrease with aerobic exercise

A

F; increase

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5
Q

T or F: Carbs are not used more efficiently with aerobic exercise

A

F; better utilization of carbs

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6
Q

T or F: Type I and Type III fibers increase aerobic potention

A

F; Type I and II

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7
Q

how fast does O2 passively transfer from alveoli to blood

A

.25 seconds

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8
Q

when does the saturation of Hbg change significantly? (otherwise changes little)

A

pO2 < 60 mmHg

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9
Q

when is oxygen released

A

increased temperature and decreased pH (more acidic)

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10
Q

how is ventilation regulated?

A
  1. central command
  2. metabolic demands
  3. peripheral sensory feedback mechanism
    recovery
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11
Q

how do you calculate mean arterial pressure

A

DBP + ( 1/3 (SBP-DBP))

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12
Q

provides a non invasive estimate of cardiac oxygen consumption

A

Rate Pressure Product RPP

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13
Q

Systolic BP x HR

A

Rate Pressure Product

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14
Q

normal range for RPP at rest and exercise:

A

rest: 6,000
exercise: 40,000

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15
Q

What is a major key when dealing with RPP?

A

anginal threshold, keep RPP below this

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16
Q

Fick equation

A

VO2max = Q x a-vo2 diff

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17
Q

cardiac output equation

A

Q= HR x SV

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18
Q

if the SV is maxed the HR must?

A

compensate; ex: MI

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19
Q

if you increase your preload your:

A

output is stronger
stronger contraction
increased volume output

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20
Q

blood coming back to R heart

A

preload

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21
Q

contractility

A

inotropic state

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22
Q

what is a negative factor, increase SBP and causes more back pressure for L ventrical

A

afterload

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23
Q

define metabolic equivalent

A

3.5 ml O2/kg body weight/min activity at rest

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24
Q

resting oxygen utilization

A

MET

25
Q

increasing MET levels correlate with

A

increasing work demands

26
Q

how many kcal/L O2 are consumed in a MET

A

5

27
Q

when HR works more to get same amount of blood (SV) to body

A

MI

28
Q

how many METs do college athlete use

A

50-60

29
Q

how many METs do elite athletes use:

A

85 VO2 max

30
Q

How do you calculate kcal/min (energy expenditure)

A

(METS x 3.5 x kg BW) / 200

31
Q

what is poiseuille’s law

A

how blood can flow

32
Q

Red flag for hemoglobin levels

A

< 8 g/dL; normal 40-45%

33
Q

Red Flag for hematocrit levels for exercise

A

< 25%

34
Q

red flag for O2 saturation levels for exercise

A

< 90%

35
Q

what is karvonenes formula used for

A

to determine target hearth rate for exercise prescription

36
Q

what is the error range for THR

A

+/- 10 bpm

37
Q

two times when heart rate decreases

A
  • rest

- during submit exercise after training for 6-8 wks

38
Q

what controls the HR

A

autonomic nervous system

39
Q

LVEDV

A

increased filling time; Starlings Law

40
Q

allows an improved length tension association so that the ventricle may contract more forcefully

A

Pre-Load; starlings law

41
Q

Components of SV

A

increased filling time
coronary arteries fill during diastole
valsalva maneuver
body position

42
Q

effects of the valsalva maneuver

A

decreased stroke volume due to the decreased venous return

decrease SV and Preload

43
Q

how can you increase preload:

A

laying, no gravity, decreased HR, same CO

44
Q

closed glottis, holding breath and contracting thorax and abdominals

A

valsalva

45
Q

What is the normal ejection fraction fro contractility

A

65-70%

46
Q

Positive inotropic effect

A

heart able to produce a stronger muscle contraction after training;

47
Q

HR is an indirect measure of what

A

myocardial oxygen demand

48
Q

how much O2 does skeletal muscles use during rest

A

small percent; 25% —75% on reserve

49
Q

how much O2 does cordial muscle use during rest?

A

large percent; 75% — 25% on reserve

50
Q

where does peripheral adaptation improve a-vO2 difference

A

skeletal muscle rather than heart lungs or supply of blood flow

51
Q

what decreases resting and submit BP

A

training

52
Q

what BP increases linearly during an exercise bout

A

SBP

53
Q

what BP stays the same or may decline slightly during exercise bout

A

DBP

54
Q

does the upper or lower extremities increase BP and HR to a greater extent

A

upper

55
Q

muscle blood flow increase to

A

80% of Q during exercise

56
Q

during exercise where does extra blood flow come from

A

digestive tract

57
Q

what local factors increase blood flow

A 
local hypoxia
increased temperature
carbon dioxide
acidity
adenosine
magnesium potassium
58
Q

oxygen uptake at which an increase in work load no longer produces an increase in oxygen uptake

A

Maximal Aerobic Power/Capacity

Exercise and Disease (12 decks)

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