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Theories 1 > Exam 2-MOHO > Flashcards

Exam 2-MOHO Flashcards

1
Q

MOHO is a:

a. Theory
b. FOR
c. Conceptual model of practice
d. Mosey’s model

A

C. Conceptual model of practice

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2
Q

MOHO was developed by?

A

Gary Kielhofner

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3
Q

MOHO evolved from what two sources?

A

Reilly’s Occupational Behavior Model and General System Theory.

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4
Q

T or F: The Model of Human Occupation is a conceptual practice model which is defined as “ …a set of evolving theoretical arguments that are translated into a specific technology for practice and are refined and tested through research”

A

True

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5
Q

What kind of approach is used in MOHO?

A

Systemic, holistic approach

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6
Q

T or F: MOHO can only be used with certain adult populations.

A

False; For persons of varying needs and populations across the lifespan

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7
Q

MOHO stresses the importance of the connection between what two systems?

A

Stresses the importance of the mind/body connection

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8
Q

The mind/body connection, MOHO looks at the depiction of what?

A

In its depiction of how motivation (internal) and performance of occupations (external) are interconnected

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9
Q

T or F: In MOHO, human occupation is described as the client saying what he/she enjoys doing

A

False; Human occupation is described as the “doing” of work, play, or activities of daily living within a temporal, physical, and sociocultural context.

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10
Q

Human occupation can be related to what three areas?

A

Work, play or ADLs

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11
Q

Human occupation can be seen in what three contexts?

A

Temporal, physical, and sociocultural context

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12
Q

T or F: MOHO focuses on the interactive nature between the person and his environment and how this relationship contributes to one’s source of motivation, patterns of behavior, and performance

A

True

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13
Q

MOHO believes that the person and environment relationship influence what three aspects of our lives?

A

motivation, patterns of behavior, and performance

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14
Q

According to MOHO, the relationship between what two categories influences motivation, patterns of behavior, and performance?

A

Interactive nature between the person and his/her environment

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15
Q

T or F: Kielhofner’s theoretical view of the person is very comprehensive

A

True

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16
Q

What three variables interrelate to form a person’s identity?

A

Variables include one’s motivation, behaviors, and performance

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17
Q

What three subsystems are one’s motivation, behaviors, and performance broken into according to Kielhofner?

A
  1. Volition
  2. Habituation
  3. Performance capacity
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18
Q

T or F: Volition is the person’s inner thoughts.

A

False; Volition is the source of motivation for occupation.

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19
Q

Habituation is the process of organizing occupation into what two concepts?

A

Habituation refers to the process by which occupation is organized into patterns or routines

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20
Q

Performance capacity looks at what two abilities that are part of occupational performance?

A

Performance capacity refers to the physical and mental abilities that underlie skilled occupational performance

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21
Q

What is another word for performance capacity?

A

mind-brain-body performance

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22
Q

T or F: One of the assumptions of MOHO is that humans are biologically mandated to talk about what they want.

A

False; Humans are biologically mandated to be active

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23
Q

T or F: Planned action is the most fundamental characteristic of all living things.

A

False; Spontaneous action is the most fundamental characteristic of all living things

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24
Q

T or F: One of the assumptions of MOHO can be explained as: Persons have a fundamental and neurologically based need for action and doing. This innate need is the dominant source of motivation for participation in occupation

A

True

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25
Q

The dynamic interaction between what two factors influence thinking, feeling and doing?

A

Thinking, feeling, and doing are influenced by a dynamic interaction between one’s internal components and the environment.

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26
Q

T or F: Situations and conditions within the environment will influence a person’s motivation.

A

True

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27
Q

T or F: One of the assumptions of the MOHO in terms of practice application is that systems theory helps the practitioner to understand that there are multiple factors within the person and the environment that influence each other. A change (positive or negative) in any one variable will automatically result in a change in one’s motivation, behavior, and/or performance.

A

True

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28
Q

T or F: One of the assumptions of MOHO is that Thinking, feeling, and doing are influenced by a dynamic interaction between one’s internal components and the environment. Situations and conditions within the environment will influence a person’s motivation.

A

True

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29
Q

T or F: In MOHO, man is viewed as a closed system.

A

False

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30
Q

In MOHO, an individual can change and develop through the interaction with the ________

A

Man is an open system that can change and develop through interaction with the environment.

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31
Q

What are the four parts of the open system?

A

The parts of the open system cycle include input, throughput, output, and feedback.

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32
Q

T or F: One of the assumptions of MOHO in Practice Application is: Persons are continuously impacted by input from one’s environment and feedback from one’s environment. Clients learn about themselves by experimenting with behaviors and receiving feedback about this behavior (output). Some cycles are positive and some are negative in outcome.

A

True

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33
Q

T or F: One of the assumptions of MOHO is: Heterarchy is the principle that the demands of a context or situation will determine how human variables will organize themselves to achieve a sense of order. In a heterarchy, each component contributes something to the total outcome but the arrangement or order of these variables is changeable due to the conditions of the context and/or environment.

A

True

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34
Q

T or F: One of the assumptions of MOHO is: Practice Application: The client’s environment, context, and/or situation greatly influence how the person variables identified as volition (motivation), habituation, (habits and routines) and performance capacity (mind/body skills) will inter-relate with each other.

A

True

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35
Q

One of the assumptions of MOHO is that participation in occupations helps to create our ___________ __________

A

occupational identity

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36
Q

Occupational identity is formed by _______

A

which is formed by the person’s internal structures defined by volition, habituation, and performance capacity.

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37
Q

T or F: Practice Application: Clients develop an identity over time. It is believed that this identity begins with self-appraisal and extends toward more challenging dynamics such as accepting responsibility for and knowing what one wants in life.

A

True

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38
Q

T or F: Occupational identity is an objective construct.

A

False; it’s subjective

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39
Q

What is the degree to which one sustains a pattern of occupational participation that represents one’s occupational identity?

A

Occupational competence

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40
Q

T or F: Competence is the ability to put into action what a person internally regards as meaningful

A

True

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41
Q

T or F: Practice Application: Clients demonstrate competency when they can organize their life to meet the basic responsibilities to themselves and the role obligations of society in satisfying and meaningful ways.

A

True

42
Q

What is the outcome of a positive occupational identity and achievement of occupational competence?

A

Occupational adaptation

43
Q

Occupation adaptation is dependent on what two concepts?

A

It is dynamic and context dependent (refer to concept of heterarchy)

44
Q

T or F: The parts within the person (throughput) that include motivation, life patterns, and performance lead to behaviors in work, play, and self care.

A

True

45
Q

T or F: Practice Application: The internal parts of the person are responsible for one’s occupational performance and adaptation. Occupational therapy acts as a form of feedback within one’s environment that can ultimately impact how one changes and alters behaviors

A

True

46
Q

Kielhofner used other words to describe function and dysfunction. What are those words?

A

Order and disorder

47
Q

What did Kielhofner define as order?

A

a status of health and competent performance of daily living, work, and play

48
Q

T or F: A person displays function when he is able to choose, organize, and perform occupations that are personally meaningful. It is a process whereby a person continuously learns how to balance his own expectations with those of society. A person who demonstrates order in daily living, work, and play experiences a sense of competence and role fulfillment

A

True

49
Q

Disorder is defined as?

A

The inability to perform occupations; An interruption in role performance; An inability to meet role responsibilities

50
Q

T or F: A person with dysfunctional behavior patterns does not experience a basic quality of life nor can he meet personal and societal expectations.

A

True

51
Q

T or F: Exploration, competence, and achievement = ORDER

A

True

52
Q

T or F: Helplessness, incompetence, and inefficacy = DISORDER

A

True

53
Q

What three concepts make up order?

A

exploration, competence and achievement

54
Q

What three concepts make up disorder?

A

helplessness, incompetence and inefficacy

55
Q

What four aspects are part of man as an open system?

A

Input, Person, Occupational performance, environmental feedback

56
Q

The volition subsystem is made up of what three parts?

A

Personal causation, values, interests

57
Q

What is the source of motivation that guides individuals to anticipate, choose, experience and interpret what they do; thoughts and feelings about doing occupations that reflect a sense of mastery, enjoyment and value judgments?

A

Volition subsystem

58
Q

What refers to one’s sense of competence and effectiveness; what a person feels capable of; a person’s awareness of his abilities; includes feelings of self efficacy (perception of control over one’s own behavior, thoughts, and emotions including a sense of control in achieving desired outcomes)?

A

Person causation

59
Q

“I am an intelligent person who can succeed in occupational therapy” is an example of?

A

Person causation

60
Q

What are beliefs about what is right, important, and good to do that influences one’s goals; include personal convictions, principles, and a sense of obligation?

A

Values

61
Q

“I value helping others and therefore my goal is to become an occupational therapist” is an example of?

A

Values

62
Q

What a person finds enjoyable, pleasing, and satisfying is?

A

Interests

63
Q

“I enjoy studying the arts and science that underlie occupational therapy as a profession” is an example of?

A

Interests

64
Q

How many smaller parts is the volition subsystem made up of?

A

Three

65
Q

What is made up of the behaviors and roles that help persons to organize their daily life?

A

Habituation subsystem

66
Q

How many smaller parts is the habituation subsystem made up of?

A

Two

67
Q

What is the habituation subsystem made up of?

A

Habits and internalized roles

68
Q

What are automatic and repetitive behaviors that influence how persons perform routine activities, use time, and behave on a daily basis?

A

Habits

69
Q

What is a source of identity with inherent obligations and expectations; also referred to as scripts or ideas of what is expected of oneself in a particular situation; enable individuals to fulfill needs for self and society?

A

Internalized roles

70
Q

The mind-brain-body subsystem is made up of how many smaller parts?

A

Four

71
Q

What smaller part are bones, muscles, joints comprising one’s biomechanical structure part of?

A

Musculoskeletal (mind-brain-body subsystem)

72
Q

What are the four smaller parts of the mind-brain-body subsystem?

A

Musculoskeletal, neurological, cardiopulmonary and symbolic

73
Q

What smaller part is made up of central and peripheral nervous systems?

A

Neurological (mind-brain-body subsystem)

74
Q

What smaller part is made up of cardiovascular and pulmonary systems?

A

Cardiopulmonary (mind-brain-body subsystem)

75
Q

What smaller part is made up of abstract images that guide and give meaning ?

A

Symbolic (mind-brain-body subsystem)

76
Q

T or F: Goal directed actions (output) that make up occupational performance.

A

True

77
Q

What are the three categories that make up goal directed actions?

A

Motor skills, process skills, communication and interaction skills

78
Q

What skills are used to move one’s self or objects?

A

Motor skills

79
Q

What skills are used for thinking and planning actions used to help one organize and adapt?

A

Process skills

80
Q

What skills are observable operations used to verbalize needs and intentions that are part of social behaviors?

A

Communication and interaction skills

81
Q

T or F: Person constructs (volitional, habituation, and mind-brain-body subsystems) plus one’s occupational performance contribute to the development of occupational identity, occupational competence and occupational adaptation.

A

True

82
Q

T or F: MOHO only looks at the physical environment in which an individual performs occupations.

A

False; Physical and social places in which a person performs occupations

83
Q

According to MOHO, our environments is shaped by?

A

Culture

84
Q

T or F: The environment provides opportunities and resources (positive) as well as demands and constraints (negative)

A

True

85
Q

T or F: The environment serves as minimal feedback that has a small impact on occupational performance

A

False; A significant source of feedback that can maintain or extinguish one’s occupational performance.

86
Q

T or F: Change occurs as a person experiments with novel behaviors and repeats them over time, these behaviors will become more automatic and habitual.

A

True

87
Q

Persons create a sense of occupational competence when they are capable of engaging in ___________ and _________ __________

A

productive and meaningful actions

88
Q

T or F: Sufficient repetition and environmental feedback is required to assimilate new performance patterns

A

True

89
Q

Motivation is influenced by a person’s ____, ____, and ______

A

Motivation is influenced by a person’s interests, values, and a sense of personal causation, all aspects of the volitional subsystem. Therefore, the volitional subsystem becomes a significant focus area for motivation and change.

90
Q

Which system is most important in a person’s motivation?

A

Volition system

91
Q

What six concepts are in the function/dysfunction criteria for MOHO?

A

Achievement, Competence, Exploration, Inefficacy, Incompetence, Helplessness

92
Q

Kielhofner refers to the evaluation process as the ____ _____ process

A

Data gathering process

93
Q

In the evaluation process, what two things occur?

A
  1. Use the data to find out about a client from the viewpoint of an outsider looking in.
  2. Collect and use data to help clients understand how their personal perceptions and subjective views lead to occupational performance actions and patterns.
94
Q

T or F: MOHO assessments are only structured.

A

False; MOHO assessment instruments are both structured and unstructured.

95
Q

What are some examples of structured assessments in MOHO?

A

Structured assessments typically include observational measures, self report questionnaires and checklists, and structured interviews.

96
Q

What are some examples of unstructured assessments in MOHO?

A

Unstructured assessments allow the therapist to be more informal and spontaneous in response to a client’s needs

97
Q

Interventions should be focused on

A

changing one’s occupational performance (skilled action process). Adaptive solutions should be offered in substitution for maladaptive ones.

98
Q

Interventions may be aimed at modifying or altering one’s environment to promote

A

opportunities for change

99
Q

T or F: Interventions that are aimed at skilled performance are more efficient than those aimed at a client’s underlying personal structure

A

True

100
Q

T or F: Interventions that take place in one’s natural environment are more likely to be assimilated by the client. Therapists should be ready to alter or modify the client’s environment to increase occupational performance

A

True

101
Q

T or F: Interventions that relate to one’s volitional subsystem provide the most meaning and impact for the client. Occupations must be relevant to the client to be effective.

A

True

102
Q

T or F: Since 1980, over 80 studies have been conducted and published
Kielhofner and his constituents have offered major contributions to the field including a wide variety of assessments and extensive research concerning the impact of therapy and the positive outcomes achieved from this therapeutic approach.

A

True

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