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Health Assessment > Exam 2- Module 6 > Flashcards

Exam 2- Module 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Constipation

A

Decreased physical activity, water, low fiber diet, medications, IBS, hypothyroidism

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2
Q

Abdomen inspection

A

Contour : stand on R side person lying, head should be slightly higher than abdomen, determine rib margin

Symmetry: shine light across abdomen toward you or lengthwise across person, symmetric bilaterally

Umbilicus: midline and inverted, no discoloration, inflammation or hernia

Skin: smooth and even, skin tugor

Pulsation of movement: pulsations of Aorta

Hair distribution: diamond female and triangle male

Demeanor: person is relaxed, facial expression

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3
Q

Bowel sounds

A

Percussion and palpation increase peristalsis -false interpretation

Diaphragm endpiece -high pitched

Hold lightly against skin

Begin in RLQ usually present here

Note character and frequency

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4
Q

Liver assessment

A

Measure height of liver in right midclavicular line

Usually 5th intercostal space

Dull sound should be heard

Normal liver span 6-12cm adults: correlates with height

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5
Q

Liver span: scratch test

A

Define liver border when abdomen or abdominal muscles are tense

Place stethoscope over liver

Scratch short strokes in RLQ and move up to liver

When scratching sounds become magnified you have crossed border over hollow organ to solid one

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6
Q

Palpation of liver

A

Place left hand under persons 11th/12th ribs

RUQ

Push deeply

Have person take deep breath to feel edge of liver

Often not palpable

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7
Q

Booking technique

A

Alternative method to palpate liver

Hook fingers over costal margin from above

Take deep breath

Feel liver bump finger tips

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8
Q

Abnormal findings: abdominal dissension

A 
Obesity 
Air or gas
Ascites
Ovarian cyst
Pregnancy
Feces
Tumor
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9
Q

Abnormal findings: abdomen inspection

A

Umbilical hernia
Epigastric hernia
Incisional hernia
Diastasis Recti

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10
Q

Abnormal bowel sounds

A

Succussion splash
Hypoactive
Hyperactive

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11
Q

Abnormal findings: friction rubs and vascular sounds

A

Peritoneal friction rub

Arterial bruit

Venous hum

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12
Q

Abnormal findings: palpation of enlarged organs

A 
Liver
Nodular liver 
Gallbladder
Spleen
Kidney
Aneurysm
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13
Q

Peritoneal inflammation

A

Pain or release of pressure (rebound tenderness)

Accompanies appendicitis

Cough tenderness located in specific spot

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14
Q

Cystitis: male

A

Burning when urinating

Urinary tract infection

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15
Q

Nephrolithiasis

A

Small

Hard deposit

Forms in kidneys

Painful when passed

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16
Q

UTI

A

Urinary tract infection

Burning upon urination

Frequent or urge to urinate

Pain or pressure in back or lower abdomen

Cloudy, dark, bloody, abnormal smelling urine

17
Q

UTI cause

A

Infection in bladder: cystitis

E. coli in GI tract

18
Q

UTI risk factors

A

Blockage in urinary tract

Kidney stones

Enlarged prostate can trap urine in bladder

Women (shorter urethra for bacteria to move), diabetes

19
Q

Guaiac test

A

Looks for hidden (occult) blood in stool sample

Most common type of fecal occult blood test (FOBT)

20
Q

Bronchovesicular sounds

A

Mid chest

Posterior chest behind scapula

Reflect a mixture of the pitch of the bronchial breath sounds heard near the trachea and the alveoli with the vesicular sound

21
Q

Vesicular sound

A

heard over the thorax

lower pitched

softer than bronchial breathing

22
Q

Bronchial sounds

A

over the trachea has a higher pitch

louder

inspiration and expiration are equal and there is a pause between inspiration and expiration

23
Q

Atrophic vaginitis

A

also known as vaginal atrophy

inflammation of the vagina (and the outer urinary tract)

thinning and shrinking of the tissues

decreased lubrication

lack of the reproductive hormone estrogen

24
Q

Cytocele

A

Bladder hernia

Supportive tissue between woman’s bladder and vagina wall Weakens and stretches

Bladder bulges into vagina

Cause: child birth, heavy lifting, constipation

25
Q

Testicular self examination

A

Begin at 13-14

T- timing, once a month

S- shower, warm water relaxes scrotal sac

E- examine, check for and report changes

26
Q

Colon cancer

A

Large intestine

Rectal bleeding, weakness, fatigue, unexplained weight loss

Risk factors: old age, high fat-low fiber diet, family history, diabetes, obesity, smoking, alcohol

27
Q

GI Bleed

A

Gastrointestinal hemorrhage

Symptoms: vomiting red blood, vomiting black blood, bloody or black stool

Cause: hemorrhoids, ulcers, tearing of esophagus

28
Q

Gallbladder disease

A

Blocking of flow to bile ducts

29
Q

HPV

A

Human papilloma virus

Skin to skin

Genitals, mouth, throat affected

Women: Pap smear

30
Q

Examining male rectum

A

Left lateral decubitus or standing position

Standing: point toes together, relaxes regional muscles

31
Q

Examining female rectum

A

Left lateral decubitus for only rectum

If also examining vagina, use lithotomy position

Health Assessment (11 decks)

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