Ch 22- Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
Nonsynovial joints
United by fibrous tissue or cartilage
Immovable or slightly movable
Synovial joints
Freely moveable
Cartilage cushions bone for smooth surface for movement
Supported by ligaments
Tough, firm, flexible
Tendon
Bone to muscle
Ligament
Bone to bone
Bursa
Enclosed sac filled with synovial fluid
Located in areas of potential friction
Muscles
40-50% body weight
Voluntary
Fasciculi
Bundles of muscle fibers
In skeletal muscle
Nucleus pulposus
Center of disk
Soft, semifluid, mucous material
Midcarpal joint
Allows flexion, extension, some rotation
Knee: cruciate ligament
Anterior and posterior stability and control rotation
Knee: collateral ligament
Medial and lateral stability
Prevent dislocation
Ankle or tibiotalar joint
Tibia, fibula, talus
Hinge joint
Limited to flexion (dorsiflexion) and extension (plantar flexion)
Subtalar joint
Inversion and eversion of foot
Circulating hormones that increase mobility
Estrogen
Relaxin from corpus luteum
Corticosteroids
Changes in maternal posture
Due to increase mobility of sacroiliac, sacrococcygeal, and symphysis pubis joints
Progressive lordosis
Enlarging fetus
Shift Weight father back on lower extremities
Anterior flexion of neck and slumping of shoulder girdle
Developmental competence for again adult
Bone remodeling: after age 40 resorption occurs more rapidly than deposition
Decrease height
Kyphosis, backward head tilt , slight flexion of hips and knees
Loss in subcutaneous fat
Ortolanis sign
Age specific screening measure
Infants
Scoliosis screening
Age specific screening measure
Adolescent
Phalen’s test
Hold hands back to back while flexing wrist 90 degrees
Acute flexion of wrist for 60 sec
Carpal tunnel syndrome: numbness and burning
Tinel’s Sign
Direct percussion and location of median nerve at wrist
Carpal tunnel syndrome: Percussion of median nerve produces burning and tingling
